महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-14, verse-20

गान्धार्युवाच ।
वृद्धस्यास्य शतं पुत्रान्निघ्नंस्त्वमपराजितः ।
कस्मान्न शेषयः कंचिद्येनाल्पमपराधितम् ॥२०॥

20. gāndhāryuvāca ,
vṛddhasyāsya śataṁ putrānnighnaṁstvamaparājitaḥ ,
kasmānna śeṣayaḥ kaṁcidyenālpamaparādhitam.

20. gāndhārī uvāca | vṛddhasya asya śatam putrān nighnan tvam
aparājitaḥ | kasmāt na śeṣayaḥ kañcit yena alpam aparādhitam

20. gāndhārī uvāca aparājitaḥ tvam asya vṛddhasya śatam putrān
nighnan kasmāt yena alpam aparādhitam kañcit na śeṣayaḥ?

20. Gandhari said: "You, who are undefeated, having slain the hundred sons of this old man, why do you not spare anyone, even one by whom only a slight offense was committed?"

Words meanings summery:

• गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• वृद्धस्य (vṛddhasya) - of Dhritarashtra, the old man (of the old one, of the aged)

• अस्य (asya) - of this (old man) (of this, of him)

• शतम् (śatam) - hundred

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

• निघ्नन् (nighnan) - you who are killing/slaying (killing, slaying)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Yudhishthira) (you)

• अपराजितः (aparājitaḥ) - undefeated, unconquered

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

• न (na) - not

• शेषयः (śeṣayaḥ) - you spare, you leave

• कञ्चित् (kañcit) - anyone, someone

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• अल्पम् (alpam) - small, slight, little

• अपराधितम् (aparādhitam) - a slight offense (committed) (offended, committed a fault)

Words meanings and morphology

गान्धारी (gāndhārī) - Gandhari

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gāndhārī

gāndhārī - Gandhari (wife of Dhritarashtra)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of √vac

Perfect

3rd person singular active perfect of √vac

Root: √vac (class 2)

वृद्धस्य (vṛddhasya) - of Dhritarashtra, the old man (of the old one, of the aged)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown

Past Passive Participle

from root √vṛdh (to grow)

Root: √vṛdh (class 1)

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

अस्य (asya) - of this (old man) (of this, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

शतम् (śatam) - hundred

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śata

śata - hundred

Note: Used here as an adjective modifying 'putrān'.

पुत्रान् (putrān) - sons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

निघ्नन् (nighnan) - you who are killing/slaying (killing, slaying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ni-√han

ni-√han - to strike down, kill, slay

Present Active Participle

from root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: √han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Yudhishthira) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to Yudhishthira.

अपराजितः (aparājitaḥ) - undefeated, unconquered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aparājita

aparājita - unconquered, undefeated

Past Passive Participle with negative prefix

Negative prefix 'a' + past passive participle of √ji (to conquer) with prefix 'parā'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+parājita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• parājita – conquered, defeated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √ji (to conquer) with prefix parā
  Prefix: parā
  Root: √ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'tvam'.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why, from what

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Used adverbially for 'why'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शेषयः (śeṣayaḥ) - you spare, you leave

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of √śiṣ

Causative Imperfect

2nd person singular active imperfect of causative of √śiṣ. The initial augment 'a' is dropped.

Root: √śiṣ (class 7)

कञ्चित् (kañcit) - anyone, someone

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim-cid

kim-cid - anyone, someone, something

formed from kim + cid

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cid)

• kim – what, which
  interrogative pronoun
• cid – even, indeed (particle for indefiniteness)
  indeclinable

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'kañcit'.

अल्पम् (alpam) - small, slight, little

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, few

Note: Modifies 'aparādhitam'.

अपराधितम् (aparādhitam) - a slight offense (committed) (offended, committed a fault)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apa-√rādh

apa-√rādh - to offend, to commit a fault

Past Passive Participle

from root √rādh (to succeed, injure) with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: √rādh (class 5)