महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-14, verse-13

सद्भिर्विगर्हितं घोरमनार्यजनसेवितम् ।
क्रूरं कर्माकरोः कस्मात्तदयुक्तं वृकोदर ॥१३॥

13. sadbhirvigarhitaṁ ghoramanāryajanasevitam ,
krūraṁ karmākaroḥ kasmāttadayuktaṁ vṛkodara.

13. sadbhiḥ vigarhitam ghoram anāryajanasevitam
krūram karma akaroḥ kasmāt tat ayuktam vṛkodara

13. vṛkodara sadbhiḥ vigarhitam ghoram anāryajanasevitam
krūram tat ayuktam karma kasmāt akaroḥ

13. O Vṛkodara, why did you perform that cruel, dreadful, and inappropriate act (karma), which is condemned by virtuous people and practiced by the ignoble?

Words meanings summery:

• सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by good people, by the virtuous

• विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - censured, reproached, condemned

• घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

• अनार्यजनसेवितम् (anāryajanasevitam) - practiced by ignoble people, resorted to by non-Aryans

• क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel, fierce, harsh

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work

• अकरोः (akaroḥ) - you did, you made

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why?, from what cause?

• तत् (tat) - that

• अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper, unsuitable, unbefitting

• वृकोदर (vṛkodara) - O Vṛkodara (a name for Bhīma) (O Bhīma, O wolf-bellied one)

Words meanings and morphology

सद्भिः (sadbhiḥ) - by good people, by the virtuous

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sat

sat - good, virtuous, existing, true

Present Active Participle

From root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Often used as a noun meaning 'good people'

विगर्हितम् (vigarhitam) - censured, reproached, condemned

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vigarhita

vigarhita - censured, reproached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root garh (to blame) with upasarga vi

Prefix: vi

Root: garh (class 1)

घोरम् (ghoram) - terrible, dreadful, fierce

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ghora

ghora - terrible, dreadful, formidable

अनार्यजनसेवितम् (anāryajanasevitam) - practiced by ignoble people, resorted to by non-Aryans

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anāryajanasevita

anāryajanasevita - practiced by ignoble people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (anārya-jana+sevita)

• anāryajana – ignoble person, non-Aryan
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: an
• sevita – practiced, resorted to, served
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root sev (to serve, frequent, practice)
  Root: sev (class 1)

क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel, fierce, harsh

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, bloody, harsh

कर्म (karma) - action, deed, work

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action

Derived from root kṛ (to do)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here it's the object of akaroḥ.

अकरोः (akaroḥ) - you did, you made

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ-lakāra)

Second person singular, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why?, from what cause?

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of the ablative.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agrees with karma. Could also be accusative.

अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper, unsuitable, unbefitting

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ayukta

ayukta - unjoined, improper, unyoked, unsuited

Derived from yukta (joined, proper) with negative prefix a-

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+yukta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• yukta – joined, fit, proper, engaged in
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yuj (to join, to yoke)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with karma

वृकोदर (vṛkodara) - O Vṛkodara (a name for Bhīma) (O Bhīma, O wolf-bellied one)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vṛkodara

vṛkodara - wolf-bellied, a name of Bhīma

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛka+udara)

• vṛka – wolf
  noun (masculine)
• udara – belly, stomach
  noun (neuter)