महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-91, verse-8

महाभिषं तु तं दृष्ट्वा नदी धैर्याच्च्युतं नृपम् ।
तमेव मनसाध्यायमुपावर्तत्सरिद्वरा ॥८॥

8. mahābhiṣaṁ tu taṁ dṛṣṭvā nadī dhairyāccyutaṁ nṛpam ,
tameva manasādhyāyamupāvartatsaridvarā.

8. mahābhiṣam tu tam dṛṣṭvā nadī dhairyāt cyutam
nṛpam tam eva manasā adhyāyam upāvartat saridvarā

8. But having seen that King Mahābhiṣa, who had fallen from his steadfastness, the best of rivers (Ganga), with mental contemplation, approached him.

Words meanings summery:

• महाभिषम् (mahābhiṣam) - Mahābhiṣa (Mahābhiṣa (proper name))

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

• तम् (tam) - that (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• नदी (nadī) - the river (river)

• धैर्यात् (dhairyāt) - from his steadfastness (from firmness, from steadfastness, from courage)

• च्युतम् (cyutam) - fallen (fallen, deviated, dropped)

• नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

• तम् (tam) - him

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

• मनसा (manasā) - with mental (by the mind, with the mind)

• अध्यायम् (adhyāyam) - contemplation (contemplation, meditation, reflection)

• उपावर्तत् (upāvartat) - approached (approached, turned towards)

• सरिद्वरा (saridvarā) - the best of rivers (Ganga) (the best of rivers)

Words meanings and morphology

महाभिषम् (mahābhiṣam) - Mahābhiṣa (Mahābhiṣa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābhiṣa

mahābhiṣa - Mahābhiṣa (name of a king/sage)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Mahābhiṣa.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

नदी (nadī) - the river (river)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river (often refers to Ganga in context)

Root: nad (class 1)

धैर्यात् (dhairyāt) - from his steadfastness (from firmness, from steadfastness, from courage)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dhairya

dhairya - firmness, steadfastness, courage, patience

From dhīra (firm) + ya (abstract suffix).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

च्युतम् (cyutam) - fallen (fallen, deviated, dropped)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cyuta

cyuta - fallen, dropped, deviated, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

From root 'cyu' (to move, fall).

Root: cyu (class 1)

Note: Agrees with nṛpam.

नृपम् (nṛpam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, people
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Refers to Mahābhiṣa.

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Mahābhiṣa.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, very

(indeclinable)

Emphasizes the preceding word.

मनसा (manasā) - with mental (by the mind, with the mind)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, spirit

Root: man (class 4)

अध्यायम् (adhyāyam) - contemplation (contemplation, meditation, reflection)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhyāya

adhyāya - study, reading, chapter, section, contemplation

From root 'i' (to go) with upasarga 'adhi'.

Prefix: adhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Can be interpreted as 'having reflection/contemplation' (with manasā).

उपावर्तत् (upāvartat) - approached (approached, turned towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of upāvart

Imperfect Tense

From root 'vṛt' (to turn) with upasargas 'upa' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सरिद्वरा (saridvarā) - the best of rivers (Ganga) (the best of rivers)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of saridvarā

saridvarā - best of rivers, chief river

Compound type : tatpurusha (sarit+varā)

• sarit – river, stream
  noun (feminine)
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• varā – excellent, best, foremost
  adjective (feminine)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Ganga.