महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-91, verse-10

तथारूपांश्च तान्दृष्ट्वा पप्रच्छ सरितां वरा ।
किमिदं नष्टरूपाः स्थ कच्चित्क्षेमं दिवौकसाम् ॥१०॥

10. tathārūpāṁśca tāndṛṣṭvā papraccha saritāṁ varā ,
kimidaṁ naṣṭarūpāḥ stha kaccitkṣemaṁ divaukasām.

10. tathārūpān ca tān dṛṣṭvā papraccha saritām varā
kim idam naṣṭarūpāḥ stha kaccit kṣemam divaukasām

10. And having seen them in such a state, the best of rivers (Ganga) asked, 'What is this? Why are your forms wasted? Is all well with the dwellers of heaven?'

Words meanings summery:

• तथारूपान् (tathārūpān) - in such a state (of such a form, in such a state)

• च (ca) - and

• तान् (tān) - them

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked (she asked)

• सरिताम् (saritām) - of rivers

• वरा (varā) - the best (best, excellent)

• किम् (kim) - what? (what? why?)

• इदम् (idam) - this

• नष्टरूपाः (naṣṭarūpāḥ) - your forms are wasted (whose forms are lost, disfigured, wasted in form)

• स्थ (stha) - you are

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that? ((interrogative particle) is it that? I hope that...)

• क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - all well (welfare, well-being, safety)

• दिवौकसाम् (divaukasām) - with the dwellers of heaven (of the dwellers of heaven, of the gods)

Words meanings and morphology

तथारूपान् (tathārūpān) - in such a state (of such a form, in such a state)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tathārūpa

tathārūpa - of such a form/nature, similar, resembling

Compound type : karmadhāraya (tathā+rūpa)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, beauty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with tān.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

तान् (tān) - them

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś' (to see) + suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - asked (she asked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Perfect Tense

Reduplicated perfect form of prach.

Root: prach (class 6)

सरिताम् (saritām) - of rivers

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of sarit

sarit - river, stream

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Governed by varā.

वरा (varā) - the best (best, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of varā

varā - best, excellent, superior, chief

Feminine form of vara. From root vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to Ganga.

किम् (kim) - what? (what? why?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which, why, how

Interrogative pronoun/adverb.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

नष्टरूपाः (naṣṭarūpāḥ) - your forms are wasted (whose forms are lost, disfigured, wasted in form)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of naṣṭarūpa

naṣṭarūpa - whose form is lost, disfigured, changed in appearance

Compound type : bahuvrihi (naṣṭa+rūpa)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, wasted, perished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root naś (to perish, be lost).
  Root: naś (class 4)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective for implied 'you (Vasus)'.

स्थ (stha) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense

Root as (to be).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The implied subject is 'you (all)'.

कच्चित् (kaccit) - is it that? ((interrogative particle) is it that? I hope that...)

(indeclinable)

क्षेमम् (kṣemam) - all well (welfare, well-being, safety)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣema

kṣema - safety, welfare, well-being, tranquility

From root kṣi (to dwell, to possess).

Root: kṣi (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for implied 'is'.

दिवौकसाम् (divaukasām) - with the dwellers of heaven (of the dwellers of heaven, of the gods)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of divaukas

divaukas - dweller of heaven, celestial, god

Compound type : aluk tatpurusha (div+okas)

• div – sky, heaven, day
  noun (feminine)
• okas – dwelling, house, home
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Refers to the Vasus.