महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-91, verse-5

ततोऽभवन्सुरगणाः सहसावाङ्मुखास्तदा ।
महाभिषस्तु राजर्षिरशङ्को दृष्टवान्नदीम् ॥५॥

5. tato'bhavansuragaṇāḥ sahasāvāṅmukhāstadā ,
mahābhiṣastu rājarṣiraśaṅko dṛṣṭavānnadīm.

5. tataḥ abhavan suragaṇāḥ sahasā avāṅmukhāḥ tadā
mahābhiṣaḥ tu rājarṣiḥ aśaṅkaḥ dṛṣṭavān nadīm

5. Then, the hosts of gods suddenly became downcast. But King Mahābhiṣa, the royal sage, fearless, gazed upon the river.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

• अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

• सुरगणाः (suragaṇāḥ) - hosts of gods, groups of gods

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, at once, immediately

• अवाङ्मुखाः (avāṅmukhāḥ) - facing downwards, with downcast faces

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• महाभिषः (mahābhiṣaḥ) - King Mahābhiṣa (Mahābhiṣa)

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

• अशङ्कः (aśaṅkaḥ) - fearless, without fear, unhesitating

• दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - he saw, having seen

• नदीम् (nadīm) - the river Gaṅgā (the river)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

अभवन् (abhavan) - they became, they were

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

सुरगणाः (suragaṇāḥ) - hosts of gods, groups of gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of suragaṇa

suragaṇa - multitude of gods, host of deities

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+gaṇa)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – multitude, host, group, troop
  noun (masculine)

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, at once, immediately

(indeclinable)

अवाङ्मुखाः (avāṅmukhāḥ) - facing downwards, with downcast faces

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of avāṅmukha

avāṅmukha - facing downwards, with downcast face

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (avāc+mukha)

• avāc – downwards, facing south, low
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

महाभिषः (mahābhiṣaḥ) - King Mahābhiṣa (Mahābhiṣa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābhiṣa

mahābhiṣa - Mahābhiṣa (name of a king)

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage, king-sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - a royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound type : karmadhāraya (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

अशङ्कः (aśaṅkaḥ) - fearless, without fear, unhesitating

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aśaṅka

aśaṅka - fearless, undoubting, confident, unhesitating

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+śaṅkā)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• śaṅkā – fear, apprehension, doubt
  noun (feminine)

दृष्टवान् (dṛṣṭavān) - he saw, having seen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛś

dṛś - to see, to perceive

Past Active Participle

Formed using the suffix -vat (ktavatu) for past active participle.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions predicatively as 'he saw'.

नदीम् (nadīm) - the river Gaṅgā (the river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nadī

nadī - river, stream