भगवद्गीता
bhagavad-gītā
-
chapter-13, verse-4
ऋषिभिर्बहुधा गीतं छन्दोभिर्विविधैः पृथक् ।
ब्रह्मसूत्रपदैश्चैव हेतुमद्भिर्विनिश्चितैः ॥४॥
ब्रह्मसूत्रपदैश्चैव हेतुमद्भिर्विनिश्चितैः ॥४॥
4. ṛṣibhirbahudhā gītaṁ chandobhirvividhaiḥ pṛthak ,
brahmasūtrapadaiścaiva hetumadbhirviniścitaiḥ.
brahmasūtrapadaiścaiva hetumadbhirviniścitaiḥ.
4.
ṛṣibhiḥ bahudhā gītam chandobhiḥ vividhaiḥ pṛthak
brahmasūtrapadaiḥ ca eva hetumadbhiḥ viniścitaiḥ
brahmasūtrapadaiḥ ca eva hetumadbhiḥ viniścitaiḥ
4.
ṛṣibhiḥ bahudhā gītam,
vividhaiḥ chandobhiḥ pṛthak,
ca eva hetumadbhiḥ viniścitaiḥ brahmasūtrapadaiḥ (gītam).
vividhaiḥ chandobhiḥ pṛthak,
ca eva hetumadbhiḥ viniścitaiḥ brahmasūtrapadaiḥ (gītam).
4.
This has been described (gīta) by sages in many ways, distinctly in various Vedic hymns (chandas), and certainly by the reasoned and conclusive aphorisms of the Brahma-sūtras.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by sages (by sages, by seers)
- बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways (in many ways, manifoldly)
- गीतम् (gītam) - described or 'sung' (as in the way knowledge is conveyed in scriptures) (sung, described, told)
- छन्दोभिः (chandobhiḥ) - by Vedic hymns (chandas) (by meters, by Vedic hymns)
- विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - various (various, diverse)
- पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinctly (in various ways) (separately, distinctly, individually)
- ब्रह्मसूत्रपदैः (brahmasūtrapadaiḥ) - by the aphorisms (pada) of the Brahma-sūtras (by the words/aphorisms of the Brahma-sūtras)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, only, certainly)
- हेतुमद्भिः (hetumadbhiḥ) - by those that are full of reason, logical (by those possessing reason, logical)
- विनिश्चितैः (viniścitaiḥ) - by those that are conclusive (by those well-ascertained, conclusive)
Words meanings and morphology
ऋषिभिः (ṛṣibhiḥ) - by sages (by sages, by seers)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of ṛṣi
ṛṣi - sage, seer, inspired poet
Root: ṛṣ (class 1)
बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways (in many ways, manifoldly)
(indeclinable)
suffix -dhā denoting 'in how many ways'
गीतम् (gītam) - described or 'sung' (as in the way knowledge is conveyed in scriptures) (sung, described, told)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of gīta
gīta - sung, chanted, told, described
Past Passive Participle
derived from root gai (to sing)
Root: gai (class 1)
छन्दोभिः (chandobhiḥ) - by Vedic hymns (chandas) (by meters, by Vedic hymns)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of chandas
chandas - Vedic hymn, meter, sacred text
Root: chad (class 1)
विविधैः (vividhaiḥ) - various (various, diverse)
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of vividha
vividha - various, diverse, manifold
Prefix: vi
Root: dhā (class 3)
Note: Agrees with chandobhiḥ.
पृथक् (pṛthak) - distinctly (in various ways) (separately, distinctly, individually)
(indeclinable)
ब्रह्मसूत्रपदैः (brahmasūtrapadaiḥ) - by the aphorisms (pada) of the Brahma-sūtras (by the words/aphorisms of the Brahma-sūtras)
(noun)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of brahmasūtrapada
brahmasūtrapada - word/aphorism of the Brahma-sūtra
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahmasūtra+pada)
- brahmasūtra – aphorisms on brahman, the Brahma-sūtras
noun (neuter) - pada – word, step, foot, aphorism
noun (neuter)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
एव (eva) - certainly (indeed, only, certainly)
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphasis.
हेतुमद्भिः (hetumadbhiḥ) - by those that are full of reason, logical (by those possessing reason, logical)
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of hetumat
hetumat - having a reason, logical, causal
suffix -mat denoting possession
Note: Agrees with brahmasūtrapadaiḥ.
विनिश्चितैः (viniścitaiḥ) - by those that are conclusive (by those well-ascertained, conclusive)
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, plural of viniścita
viniścita - well-ascertained, clearly determined, conclusive
Past Passive Participle
derived from vi + ni + ści (to determine)
Prefixes: vi+ni
Root: ści (class 1)
Note: Agrees with brahmasūtrapadaiḥ.