योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-25, verse-21

चन्द्रद्वयप्रत्ययवन्मृगतृष्णाम्बुबुद्धिवत् ।
किमनुत्थित एवायमसदेवाहमुत्थितः ॥ २१ ॥

candradvayapratyayavanmṛgatṛṣṇāmbubuddhivat ,
kimanutthita evāyamasadevāhamutthitaḥ 21

21. candradvayapratyayavat mṛgatṛṣṇāmbubuddhivāt
kim anutthitaḥ eva ayam asat eva aham utthitaḥ

21. candradvayapratyayavat mṛgatṛṣṇāmbubuddhivāt,
kim ayam aham asat eva anutthitaḥ eva utthitaḥ?

21. It is like the perception of two moons or the understanding of water in a mirage: How is it that this 'I' (aham), which is indeed non-existent (asat) and truly unreal, has arisen?

Words meanings summery:

• चन्द्रद्वयप्रत्ययवत् (candradvayapratyayavat) - like the perception of two moons

• मृगतृष्णाम्बुबुद्धिवात् (mṛgatṛṣṇāmbubuddhivāt) - like the understanding of water in a mirage

• किम् (kim) - Used rhetorically to express wonder or puzzlement. (what?, how?)

• अनुत्थितः (anutthitaḥ) - not arisen, unreal, non-existent

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the unreal nature. (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the 'aham' (I). (this (one))

• असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal, false

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the non-existent nature. (indeed, only, just, exactly)

• अहम् (aham) - I

• उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - arisen, stood up, produced

Words meanings and morphology

चन्द्रद्वयप्रत्ययवत् (candradvayapratyayavat) - like the perception of two moons

(indeclinable)

Compound adverb formed with suffix '-vat'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (candra+dvaya+pratyaya+vat)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• dvaya – pair, two
  noun (neuter)
• pratyaya – perception, notion, idea, conviction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'prati-i' (to go towards, to perceive).
  Prefix: prati
  Root: i (class 2)
• vat – like, as, similar to
  indeclinable
  Suffix forming adverbs or adjectives indicating likeness.

मृगतृष्णाम्बुबुद्धिवात् (mṛgatṛṣṇāmbubuddhivāt) - like the understanding of water in a mirage

(indeclinable)

Compound adverb formed with suffix '-vat'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (mṛgatṛṣṇā+ambu+buddhi+vat)

• mṛgatṛṣṇā – mirage (literally 'deer-thirst')
  noun (feminine)
• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• buddhi – understanding, intellect, cognition
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root 'budh' (to know).
  Root: budh (class 1)
• vat – like, as, similar to
  indeclinable
  Suffix forming adverbs or adjectives indicating likeness.

किम् (kim) - Used rhetorically to express wonder or puzzlement. (what?, how?)

(indeclinable)

अनुत्थितः (anutthitaḥ) - not arisen, unreal, non-existent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anutthita

anutthita - not arisen, not standing up, not produced, unreal

Past Passive Participle

Negative particle 'an-' prefixed to 'utthita' (arisen, PPP of 'ut-sthā').

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+utthita)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
• utthita – arisen, stood up, produced
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of verb 'ut-sthā' (to rise, stand up).
  Prefix: ut
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (implied).

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the unreal nature. (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

अयम् (ayam) - Refers to the 'aham' (I). (this (one))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this (proximate demonstrative pronoun)

असत् (asat) - non-existent, unreal, false

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asat

asat - non-existent, unreal, false, untrue, evil

Present Active Participle (negative)

Negative particle 'a-' prefixed to 'sat' (existent, P.P. of 'as').

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+sat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• sat – existent, being, real, good
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  Present active participle of root 'as' (to be).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'aham' (implied).

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the non-existent nature. (indeed, only, just, exactly)

(indeclinable)

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I (first person singular pronoun)

उत्थितः (utthitaḥ) - arisen, stood up, produced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of utthita

utthita - arisen, stood up, produced, appeared

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of verb 'ut-sthā' (to rise, stand up).

Prefix: ut

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'aham'.