योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-7, chapter-136, verse-12

मुनिः शापमदात्तस्य महाकारतयाश्रमः ।
त्वया यन्नाशितो मृत्वा भव त्वं मशकोऽधमः ॥ १२ ॥

muniḥ śāpamadāttasya mahākāratayāśramaḥ ,
tvayā yannāśito mṛtvā bhava tvaṃ maśako'dhamaḥ 12

12. muniḥ śāpam adāt tasya mahākāratayā āśramaḥ tvayā
yat nāśitaḥ mṛtvā bhava tvam maśakaḥ adhamaḥ

12. muniḥ tasya śāpam adāt,
yat tvayā mahākāratayā āśramaḥ nāśitaḥ,
(ataḥ) tvam mṛtvā adhamaḥ maśakaḥ bhava.

12. The sage (muni) then pronounced a curse (śāpa) upon him: "Because this significant hermitage (āśrama) was destroyed by you, may you die and become a wretched mosquito!"

Words meanings summery:

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (whose hermitage was destroyed) (sage, ascetic)

• शापम् (śāpam) - curse

• अदात् (adāt) - he pronounced (a curse) (he gave, he granted)

• तस्य (tasya) - to him (the demon) (to him, of him)

• महाकारतया (mahākāratayā) - due to the great significance/size (of the āśrama) (due to its great size/form/importance)

• आश्रमः (āśramaḥ) - this hermitage (āśrama) (hermitage, retreat)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• यत् (yat) - because (introducing the reason for the curse) (which, because, that)

• नाशितः (nāśitaḥ) - was destroyed (destroyed, ruined)

• मृत्वा (mṛtvā) - after dying (having died)

• भव (bhava) - you shall become (become!, be!)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• मशकः (maśakaḥ) - mosquito

• अधमः (adhamaḥ) - wretched, despicable (lowest, vilest, wretched)

Words meanings and morphology

मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (whose hermitage was destroyed) (sage, ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, a silent one

Note: Subject of adāt.

शापम् (śāpam) - curse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śāpa

śāpa - curse, imprecation

From root śap (to curse)

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: Object of adāt.

अदात् (adāt) - he pronounced (a curse) (he gave, he granted)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: The aorist stem is adā-.

तस्य (tasya) - to him (the demon) (to him, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Functions here as dative, 'to him'.

महाकारतया (mahākāratayā) - due to the great significance/size (of the āśrama) (due to its great size/form/importance)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mahākāratā

mahākāratā - great size, imposing form, significance

From mahā (great) + kāra (form/shape) + tā (suffix for state/quality)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+kāra+tā)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• kāra – form, shape, appearance; act, doing
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• tā – suffix indicating state, quality, condition
  indeclinable (feminine)
  Suffix forming abstract nouns

Note: This refers to the reason for the curse, specifically the importance/size of the āśrama.

आश्रमः (āśramaḥ) - this hermitage (āśrama) (hermitage, retreat)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśrama

āśrama - hermitage, monastery, sacred retreat; a stage of life (āśrama)

Prefix: ā

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Subject of nāśitaḥ (was destroyed).

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent in passive construction (nāśitaḥ).

यत् (yat) - because (introducing the reason for the curse) (which, because, that)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as a conjunction.

नाशितः (nāśitaḥ) - was destroyed (destroyed, ruined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāśita

nāśita - destroyed, perished

Past Passive Participle

From causative root nāśay (to destroy), derived from naś (to perish)

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Agrees with āśramaḥ.

मृत्वा (mṛtvā) - after dying (having died)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root mṛ (to die) + -tvā suffix

Root: mṛ (class 6)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

भव (bhava) - you shall become (become!, be!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Command/wish.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of bhava.

मशकः (maśakaḥ) - mosquito

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maśaka

maśaka - mosquito, gnat

Note: Predicate nominative to bhava.

अधमः (adhamaḥ) - wretched, despicable (lowest, vilest, wretched)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhama

adhama - lowest, meanest, worst, vile

Superlative of adhas (below)

Note: Modifies maśakaḥ.