योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-16, verse-22

समङ्गाद्विजदेहं तं भस्मसात्तत्र चक्रतुः ।
को हि नाम जगज्जातमाचारं नानुतिष्ठति ॥ २२ ॥

samaṅgādvijadehaṃ taṃ bhasmasāttatra cakratuḥ ,
ko hi nāma jagajjātamācāraṃ nānutiṣṭhati 22

22. samangāt dvijadeham tam bhasmasāt tatra cakratuḥ
kaḥ hi nāma jagajjātam ācāram na anutiṣṭhati

22. samangāt tam dvijadeham tatra bhasmasāt cakratuḥ
kaḥ hi nāma jagajjātam ācāram na anutiṣṭhati

22. From Samanga, they cremated that Brahmin's (dvija) body there, reducing it to ashes. For who, indeed, does not observe a custom (ācāra) established in the world?

Words meanings summery:

• समन्गात् (samangāt) - from Samanga, a name. (from Samanga (a specific place or person))

• द्विजदेहम् (dvijadeham) - the body of the Brahmin (the body of a dvija (twice-born))

• तम् (tam) - that (body) (that, him)

• भस्मसात् (bhasmasāt) - to ashes, reduced to ashes

• तत्र (tatra) - (at the place where they were) (there, in that place)

• चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - (they) performed (cremation) (they made, they did)

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• नाम (nāma) - (adds emphasis) (indeed, truly, by name)

• जगज्जातम् (jagajjātam) - (custom) established in the world (born in the world, worldly, existing in the world)

• आचारम् (ācāram) - social custom, ritual practice (custom, practice, conduct, tradition)

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - (observes a custom) (follows, observes, practices)

Words meanings and morphology

समन्गात् (samangāt) - from Samanga, a name. (from Samanga (a specific place or person))

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of samanga

samanga - with limbs, complete; proper name of a place or person

Note: Indicates source or origin.

द्विजदेहम् (dvijadeham) - the body of the Brahmin (the body of a dvija (twice-born))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dvijadeha

dvijadeha - body of a dvija (twice-born, Brahmin)

Compound of dvija (twice-born) and deha (body).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+deha)

• dvija – twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of dvi (two) + ja (born).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• deha – body, physical form
  noun (masculine)
  From root dih (to smear, to plaster).
  Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Object of the action.

तम् (tam) - that (body) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Adjectival use, agreeing with 'dvijadeham'.

भस्मसात् (bhasmasāt) - to ashes, reduced to ashes

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable formed with suffix -sāt indicating transformation.

Note: Denotes the state into which something is transformed.

तत्र (tatra) - (at the place where they were) (there, in that place)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb derived from tad.

चक्रतुः (cakratuḥ) - (they) performed (cremation) (they made, they did)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, perfect (lit) of kṛ

perfect tense

3rd person dual active, from root kṛ.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Main verb of the first sentence.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ka

ka - who, what

Interrogative pronoun.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle or conjunction.

Note: Emphatic particle.

नाम (nāma) - (adds emphasis) (indeed, truly, by name)

(indeclinable)

Here used as an emphatic particle.

Note: Emphatic particle.

जगज्जातम् (jagajjātam) - (custom) established in the world (born in the world, worldly, existing in the world)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jagajjāta

jagajjāta - born of the world, produced in the world

Compound of jagat (world) and jāta (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jagat+jāta)

• jagat – world, universe, moving
  noun (neuter)
  present active participle
  From root gam (to go) with prefix ja-.
  Root: gam (class 1)
• jāta – born, produced, arisen
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root jan (to be born).
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'ācāram'.

आचारम् (ācāram) - social custom, ritual practice (custom, practice, conduct, tradition)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ācāra

ācāra - custom, practice, conduct, tradition, (dharma)

From ā-car (to act, to practice).

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: The object of the verb 'to follow'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Negating particle.

Note: Negation.

अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - (observes a custom) (follows, observes, practices)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of anustiṣṭhā

present tense

3rd person singular active, from root sthā with prefix anu-.

Prefix: anu

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The action of following a custom.

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