वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-79, verse-10

तपन्तं च तपस्तीव्रमम्भोमध्ये दुरासदम् ।
यशक् सरं कामगमं तारुण्ये पर्यवस्थितम् ॥१०॥

10. tapantaṃ ca tapastīvramambhomadhye durāsadam ,
yaśak saraṃ kāmagamaṃ tāruṇye paryavasthitam.

10. tapantaṃ ca tapaḥ tīvram ambhaḥmadhye durāsadam
| yaśak saraṃ kāmagamaṃ tāruṇye paryavasthitam

10. ca tīvraṃ tapaḥ ambhaḥmadhye durāsadaṃ tapantaṃ,
yaśak saraṃ kāmagamaṃ tāruṇye paryavasthitam

10. And performing intense penance (tapas) in the midst of water, he was unapproachable; (he was also) powerful, moving freely as he wished, and established in youth.

Words meanings summery:

• तपन्तं (tapantaṁ) - performing penance (referring to Budha) (performing penance, heating, burning)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

• तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense (penance) (intense, severe, sharp, violent)

• अम्भःमध्ये (ambhaḥmadhye) - in the midst of water (in the middle of water)

• दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - unapproachable (due to his penance) (difficult to approach, unapproachable, inaccessible)

• यशक् (yaśak) - powerful (describing Budha's state) (powerful, capable, glorious (uncertain interpretation, potentially a textual variant or rare usage))

• सरं (saraṁ) - moving freely (referring to Budha) (moving, going, flowing)

• कामगमं (kāmagamaṁ) - moving as he wished (referring to Budha) (moving at will, going wherever one wishes)

• तारुण्ये (tāruṇye) - in youth (in youth, in the state of youth, in young age)

• पर्यवस्थितम् (paryavasthitam) - established (in youth) (situated, established, existing, remaining)

Words meanings and morphology

तपन्तं (tapantaṁ) - performing penance (referring to Budha) (performing penance, heating, burning)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapat

tapat - performing penance, heating, burning

Present Active Participle

From root tap (to perform austerity, to heat), present active participle in masculine/neuter nominative/accusative singular.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Modifies Budha (implied object of dadarśa).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects descriptions of Budha.

तपः (tapaḥ) - penance (tapas) (austerity, penance, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, religious devotion

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of the participle `tapantaṃ`.

तीव्रम् (tīvram) - intense (penance) (intense, severe, sharp, violent)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tīvra

tīvra - intense, severe, sharp, violent, keen

Note: Modifies `tapaḥ`.

अम्भःमध्ये (ambhaḥmadhye) - in the midst of water (in the middle of water)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ambhaḥmadhya

ambhaḥmadhya - middle of water, water-middle

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambhas+madhya)

• ambhas – water
  noun (neuter)
• madhya – middle, center
  noun (masculine)

Note: Sandhi: ambhas + madhye = ambhomadhye.

दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - unapproachable (due to his penance) (difficult to approach, unapproachable, inaccessible)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, unapproachable, inaccessible

Gerundive/Kṛtya suffix

From root sad (to sit, go) with prefixes dur (difficult) and ā (towards)

Prefixes: dur+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Modifies Budha.

यशक् (yaśak) - powerful (describing Budha's state) (powerful, capable, glorious (uncertain interpretation, potentially a textual variant or rare usage))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśak

yaśak - powerful, capable, glorious (uncertain word, possibly a textual variant or irregular derivative related to śak 'to be able' or yaśas 'glory')

Uncertain word. Interpreted here as an adjective in accusative singular, masculine, modifying Budha. Possibly a derivation from 'śak' (to be able) or a variant of 'yaśasvin' (glorious).

Note: Modifies Budha.

सरं (saraṁ) - moving freely (referring to Budha) (moving, going, flowing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sara

sara - moving, going, flowing, a kind of water-plant

Kṛt suffix -a

From root sṛ (to go, flow).

Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies Budha.

कामगमं (kāmagamaṁ) - moving as he wished (referring to Budha) (moving at will, going wherever one wishes)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāmagama

kāmagama - moving at will, going wherever one wishes

Compound type : bahuvrihi (kāma+gama)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, will
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• gama – going, moving, reaching
  adjective (masculine)
  Kṛt suffix -a
  From root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies Budha.

तारुण्ये (tāruṇye) - in youth (in youth, in the state of youth, in young age)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tāruṇya

tāruṇya - youth, young age, state of being young

Derived from taruṇa (young) with suffix -ya.

Note: Denotes the state or condition in which Budha was situated.

पर्यवस्थितम् (paryavasthitam) - established (in youth) (situated, established, existing, remaining)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paryavasthita

paryavasthita - situated, established, existing, remaining

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with prefixes pari (around, completely) and ava (down, off).

Prefixes: pari+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies Budha.