वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-69, verse-16

दत्तं न ते ऽस्ति सूक्ष्मो ऽपि वने सत्त्वनिषेविते ।
तेन स्वर्गगतो वत्स बाध्यसे क्षुत्पिपासया ॥१६॥

16. dattaṃ na te'sti sūkṣmo'pi vane sattvaniṣevite ,
tena svargagato vatsa bādhyase kṣutpipāsayā.

16. dattam na te asti sūkṣmaḥ api vane sattvaniṣevite
tena svargagataḥ vatsa bādhyase kṣutpipāsayā

16. te vane sattvaniṣevite sūkṣmaḥ api dattam na asti
tena vatsa svargagataḥ kṣutpipāsayā bādhyase

16. Nothing, not even a tiny bit, was given by you in the forest teeming with living beings. Therefore, O child, though you have reached heaven, you are tormented by hunger and thirst.

Words meanings summery:

• दत्तम् (dattam) - Charity or offering of food. (given, offered, granted)

• न (na) - Negating the act of giving. (not, no)

• ते (te) - The agent who did not give. (by you, to you, your)

• अस्ति (asti) - There is (or isn't, due to 'na'). (is, exists)

• सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - Not even a tiny amount, implying a minute particle or thing. (minute, subtle, small, fine)

• अपि (api) - Emphasizing 'not even a small bit'. (even, also, too)

• वने (vane) - The location where the actions (or lack thereof) took place. (in the forest, in the wood)

• सत्त्वनिषेविते (sattvaniṣevite) - Describing the forest as full of living creatures. (inhabited by beings, resorted to by creatures)

• तेन (tena) - Because of that (lack of giving). (by that, therefore, on that account)

• स्वर्गगतः (svargagataḥ) - Refers to the listener's current state of being in heaven. (gone to heaven, having reached heaven)

• वत्स (vatsa) - Affectionate address to the listener. (O child, O dear one, calf)

• बाध्यसे (bādhyase) - The listener is suffering. (you are tormented, you are afflicted, you are oppressed)

• क्षुत्पिपासया (kṣutpipāsayā) - The cause of torment. (by hunger and thirst)

Words meanings and morphology

दत्तम् (dattam) - Charity or offering of food. (given, offered, granted)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of datta

datta - given, granted, offered, presented

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root dā (to give).

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Acts as the subject of the implied 'is'.

न (na) - Negating the act of giving. (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - The agent who did not give. (by you, to you, your)

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here, instrumental sense, 'by you'.

अस्ति (asti) - There is (or isn't, due to 'na'). (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present tense, 3rd person singular

Present tense, parasmaipada form of root as.

Root: as (class 2)

सूक्ष्मः (sūkṣmaḥ) - Not even a tiny amount, implying a minute particle or thing. (minute, subtle, small, fine)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūkṣma

sūkṣma - minute, subtle, small, fine

Note: Used substantively, implying 'even a small (thing)'.

अपि (api) - Emphasizing 'not even a small bit'. (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

वने (vane) - The location where the actions (or lack thereof) took place. (in the forest, in the wood)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove

सत्त्वनिषेविते (sattvaniṣevite) - Describing the forest as full of living creatures. (inhabited by beings, resorted to by creatures)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sattvaniṣevita

sattvaniṣevita - resorted to by living beings, frequented by creatures

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound 'sattva' (being) + 'niṣevita' (frequented, served). Locative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sattva+niṣevita)

• sattva – being, existence, reality, living creature
  noun (neuter)
• niṣevita – frequented, inhabited, served
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root sev (to serve, resort to) with prefix ni.
  Prefix: ni
  Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vane'.

तेन (tena) - Because of that (lack of giving). (by that, therefore, on that account)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that

Note: Adverbial usage 'therefore'.

स्वर्गगतः (svargagataḥ) - Refers to the listener's current state of being in heaven. (gone to heaven, having reached heaven)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svargagata

svargagata - gone to heaven, attained heaven

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound 'svarga' (heaven) + 'gata' (gone). Nominative singular.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+gata)

• svarga – heaven, paradise
  noun (masculine)
• gata – gone, arrived, attained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root gam (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'vatsa'.

वत्स (vatsa) - Affectionate address to the listener. (O child, O dear one, calf)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vatsa

vatsa - calf, child, darling (term of endearment)

बाध्यसे (bādhyase) - The listener is suffering. (you are tormented, you are afflicted, you are oppressed)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of badh

present tense, 2nd person singular, passive

Present tense, ātmanepada, passive form of root badh.

Root: badh (class 1)

क्षुत्पिपासया (kṣutpipāsayā) - The cause of torment. (by hunger and thirst)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣutpipāsā

kṣutpipāsā - hunger and thirst

Dvanda compound of kṣudh (hunger) and pipāsā (thirst). Instrumental singular.

Compound type : dvandva (kṣudh+pipāsā)

• kṣudh – hunger
  noun (feminine)
• pipāsā – thirst, desire to drink
  noun (feminine)
  From desiderative of root pā (to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)

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