वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-69, verse-13

कस्येयं कर्मणः प्राप्तिः क्षुत्पिपासावशो ऽस्मि यत् ।
आहारः कश्च मे देव तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१३॥

13. kasyeyaṃ karmaṇaḥ prāptiḥ kṣutpipāsāvaśo'smi yat ,
āhāraḥ kaśca me deva tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

13. kasya iyam karmaṇaḥ prāptiḥ kṣut-pipāsā-avaśaḥ
asmi yat āhāraḥ ca me deva tat me brūhi pitā-maha

13. pitā-maha deva,
iyam prāptiḥ kasya karmaṇaḥ yat aham kṣut-pipāsā-avaśaḥ asmi? ca me āhāraḥ kaḥ? tat me brūhi.

13. To which deed (karma) is this attainment owed, by which I am subjected to hunger and thirst? And what is my food, O divine one? Please tell me that, O Grandfather (Brahmā).

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - to what (karma) (of whom, whose, of what)

• इयम् (iyam) - this attainment or state (this (feminine nominative singular))

• कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of which specific past action (karma) (of action, of deed, of fate)

• प्राप्तिः (prāptiḥ) - this state of suffering/being afflicted (attainment, acquisition, arrival)

• क्षुत्-पिपासा-अवशः (kṣut-pipāsā-avaśaḥ) - I am under the power of these afflictions (subject to hunger and thirst, under the control of hunger and thirst)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• यत् (yat) - by which (cause/reason) (that, which, because)

• आहारः (āhāraḥ) - what sustenance do I consume (food, sustenance)

• च (ca) - and

• मे (me) - my (food) (to me, for me, my)

• देव (deva) - an address to Brahmā (O god, O divine one)

• तत् (tat) - that information about my food and the reason for affliction (that (neuter accusative singular))

• मे (me) - tell it to me (to me, for me)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please inform me (tell, speak)

• पिता-मह (pitā-maha) - addressing Brahmā respectfully (O Grandfather, O Brahmā)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - to what (karma) (of whom, whose, of what)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Implies "belonging to which cause/karma".

इयम् (iyam) - this attainment or state (this (feminine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `prāptiḥ`.

कर्मणः (karmaṇaḥ) - of which specific past action (karma) (of action, of deed, of fate)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, fate, effect of actions

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Possessive, "the attainment of which action."

प्राप्तिः (prāptiḥ) - this state of suffering/being afflicted (attainment, acquisition, arrival)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of prāpti

prāpti - attainment, reaching, acquisition, result

From root `āp` with prefix `pra` and suffix `ti`.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Subject of the question.

क्षुत्-पिपासा-अवशः (kṣut-pipāsā-avaśaḥ) - I am under the power of these afflictions (subject to hunger and thirst, under the control of hunger and thirst)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣut-pipāsā-avaśa

kṣut-pipāsā-avaśa - subject to hunger and thirst

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣut-pipāsā+avaśa)

• kṣut-pipāsā – hunger and thirst
  noun (feminine)
• avaśa – not master of oneself, helpless, subject to
  adjective (masculine)
  From `a` (not) + `vaśa` (control).
  Prefix: a

Note: Predicate adjective for `aham` (implied with `asmi`).

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Connects the subject `aham` (implied) with `kṣut-pipāsā-avaśaḥ`.

यत् (yat) - by which (cause/reason) (that, which, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a subordinate clause explaining the reason.

आहारः (āhāraḥ) - what sustenance do I consume (food, sustenance)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āhāra

āhāra - food, diet, sustenance, eating

From root `hṛ` with prefix `ā`.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the question.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two questions.

मे (me) - my (food) (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Enclitic form for genitive/dative singular.

देव (deva) - an address to Brahmā (O god, O divine one)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

Note: Addressed to Brahmā.

तत् (tat) - that information about my food and the reason for affliction (that (neuter accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of `brūhi`.

मे (me) - tell it to me (to me, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Indirect object of `brūhi`.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please inform me (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative 2nd person singular form of root `brū`.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Directed at `pitā-maha`.

पिता-मह (pitā-maha) - addressing Brahmā respectfully (O Grandfather, O Brahmā)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitā-maha

pitā-maha - grandfather, Brahmā

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitṛ+mahat)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• mahat – great
  adjective (masculine)

Note: The person being addressed.