वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-69, verse-10

सो ऽहं वर्षसहस्राणि तपस्त्रीणि महामुने ।
तप्त्वा सुदुष्करं प्राप्तो ब्रह्मलोकमनुत्तमम् ॥१०॥

10. so'haṃ varṣasahasrāṇi tapastrīṇi mahāmune ,
taptvā suduṣkaraṃ prāpto brahmalokamanuttamam.

10. saḥ aham varṣa-sahasrāṇi tapaḥ trīṇi mahā-mune
taptvā su-duṣkaram prāptaḥ brahma-lokam anuttamam

10. mahā-mune,
aham trīṇi varṣa-sahasrāṇi su-duṣkaram tapaḥ taptvā,
anuttamam brahma-lokam prāptaḥ.

10. O great sage, having performed extremely arduous asceticism (tapas) for three thousand years, I attained the supreme world of Brahmā.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - I (referring to the speaker, used with aham) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• वर्ष-सहस्राणि (varṣa-sahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

• तपः (tapaḥ) - severe spiritual austerities (asceticism, penance, severe austerity)

• त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

• महा-मुने (mahā-mune) - Referring to a revered wise person. (O great sage, O great ascetic)

• तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed severe asceticism (having performed austerities, having heated)

• सु-दुष्करम् (su-duṣkaram) - describing the severity of the asceticism (extremely difficult, very hard to do)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having reached (the world of Brahmā) (attained, reached, obtained)

• ब्रह्म-लोकम् (brahma-lokam) - the highest celestial realm ruled by the deity Brahmā (the world of Brahmā)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - the most excellent world of Brahmā (supreme, unequalled, highest)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - I (referring to the speaker, used with aham) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used idiomatically with `aham` to emphasize 'I'.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

वर्ष-सहस्राणि (varṣa-sahasrāṇi) - thousands of years

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of varṣa-sahasra

varṣa-sahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

तपः (tapaḥ) - severe spiritual austerities (asceticism, penance, severe austerity)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, austerity, penance, asceticism

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: The base `tapas` is usually neuter. Here it functions as the object of `taptvā`.

त्रीणि (trīṇi) - three

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tri

tri - three

Note: Agrees with `varṣa-sahasrāṇi` in gender, number, and case.

महा-मुने (mahā-mune) - Referring to a revered wise person. (O great sage, O great ascetic)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahā-muni

mahā-muni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Vocative form of `mahā-muni`.

तप्त्वा (taptvā) - having performed severe asceticism (having performed austerities, having heated)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `tap` with suffix `tvā`.

Root: tap (class 1)

सु-दुष्करम् (su-duṣkaram) - describing the severity of the asceticism (extremely difficult, very hard to do)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of su-duṣkara

su-duṣkara - very difficult, extremely hard to perform

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duṣkara)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• duṣkara – difficult to do, arduous
  adjective (neuter)
  gerundive/kṛt participle
  From `duḥ` (bad, difficult) + `kṛ` (to do) + `a` suffix.
  Prefix: dus
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies `tapaḥ` implicitly.

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - having reached (the world of Brahmā) (attained, reached, obtained)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, gained

past passive participle

From root `āp` with prefix `pra`.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Refers to the speaker `aham`.

ब्रह्म-लोकम् (brahma-lokam) - the highest celestial realm ruled by the deity Brahmā (the world of Brahmā)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brahma-loka

brahma-loka - the world of Brahmā

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (brahman+loka)

• brahman – Brahmā (the deity), ultimate reality, sacred word
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• loka – world, realm, sphere
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Object of `prāptaḥ`.

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - the most excellent world of Brahmā (supreme, unequalled, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unexcelled, unsurpassed, supreme

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+uttama)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• uttama – highest, best, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative form of `ud` or `ut` (up).

Note: Agrees with `brahma-lokam`.

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