वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-42, verse-21

तस्यैतद्भाषितं श्रुत्वा राघवः परमार्तवत् ।
उवाच सर्वान् सुहृदः कथमेतन्निवेद्यताम् ॥२१॥

21. tasyaitadbhāṣitaṃ śrutvā rāghavaḥ paramārtavat ,
uvāca sarvān suhṛdaḥ kathametannivedyatām.

21. tasya etat bhāṣitam śrutvā rāghavaḥ parama-ārtavat
uvāca sarvān suhṛdaḥ katham etat nivedyatām

21. rāghavaḥ tasya etat bhāṣitam śrutvā parama-ārtavat
sarvān suhṛdaḥ uvāca etat katham nivedyatām

21. Having heard these words of his, Rāghava, appearing extremely distressed, asked all his friends, "How should this be reported?"

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of his (words), referring to the speaker of the previous verse (of him, his)

• एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this, these)

• भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - words, speech (of the previous speaker) (spoken, said, speech, words)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (these words) (having heard)

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāghava (Rāma) (descendant of Raghu, Rāma)

• परम-आर्तवत् (parama-ārtavat) - appearing extremely distressed (like one extremely distressed, greatly afflicted)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (his friends) (all, entire)

• सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - his friends (friends, allies)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• एतत् (etat) - this (matter/report) (this)

• निवेद्यताम् (nivedyatām) - should be reported (let it be reported, should be announced)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of his (words), referring to the speaker of the previous verse (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Implied masculine gender based on context.

एतत् (etat) - these (words) (this, these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, these

Note: Functions here as an adjective modifying 'bhāṣitam'.

भाषितम् (bhāṣitam) - words, speech (of the previous speaker) (spoken, said, speech, words)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhāṣita

bhāṣita - spoken, said, speech

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhāṣ (to speak) with suffix -ta.

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: Used here as a noun.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard (these words) (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru (to hear) with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāghava (Rāma) (descendant of Raghu, Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, Rāma

Patronymic from Raghu.

परम-आर्तवत् (parama-ārtavat) - appearing extremely distressed (like one extremely distressed, greatly afflicted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parama-ārtavat

parama-ārtavat - like one extremely distressed

Compound of parama (supreme, extreme) and ārtavat (like one distressed).

Compound type : tatpurusha (parama+ārtavat)

• parama – supreme, highest, extreme
  adjective (masculine)
• ārtavat – like one suffering, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from ārta (distressed) with suffix -vat (like, having).
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with Rāghavaḥ.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (his friends) (all, entire)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Note: Functions here as an adjective modifying 'suhṛdaḥ'.

सुहृदः (suhṛdaḥ) - his friends (friends, allies)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of suhṛd

suhṛd - friend, good-hearted

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this (matter/report) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etat

etat - this, these

Note: Refers to the subject to be reported.

निवेद्यताम् (nivedyatām) - should be reported (let it be reported, should be announced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, imperative (lōṭ) of nivedya

Imperative Passive (Lōṭ)

Derived from root vid (to know) with upasarga ni and suffix -yatām (3rd person singular imperative passive).

Prefix: ni

Root: vid (class 6)