वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-42, verse-20

एवं बहुविधा वाचो वदन्ति पुरवासिनः ।
नगरेषु च सर्वेषु राजञ्जनपदेषु च ॥२०॥

20. evaṃ bahuvidhā vāco vadanti puravāsinaḥ ,
nagareṣu ca sarveṣu rājañjanapadeṣu ca.

20. evam bahuvidhāḥ vācaḥ vadanti puravāsinaḥ
nagareṣu ca sarveṣu rājan janapadeṣu ca

20. rājan puravāsinaḥ evam bahuvidhāḥ vācaḥ
vadanti ca sarveṣu nagareṣu ca janapadeṣu

20. Thus, the city dwellers utter various words (such as these). And, O King, in all cities and in all regions (janapadas) these words are spoken.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - in this way (as previously discussed in the verses) (thus, in this manner, so)

• बहुविधाः (bahuvidhāḥ) - of many kinds, various

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - various kinds of statements (like those in the preceding verses) (words, speeches, statements)

• वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak

• पुरवासिनः (puravāsinaḥ) - city dwellers, inhabitants of the city

• नगरेषु (nagareṣu) - in cities

• च (ca) - and

• सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

• राजन् (rājan) - O King!

• जनपदेषु (janapadeṣu) - in all administrative regions (janapadas) (in districts, in regions)

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - in this way (as previously discussed in the verses) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the manner of speaking or the preceding content.

बहुविधाः (bahuvidhāḥ) - of many kinds, various

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, manifold, various

Compound of 'bahu' (many) and 'vidha' (kind/sort).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – much, many, numerous
  adjective
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'vācaḥ'.

वाचः (vācaḥ) - various kinds of statements (like those in the preceding verses) (words, speeches, statements)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice, statement

Note: Object of 'vadanti'.

वदन्ति (vadanti) - they say, they speak

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vad

Present Tense, Parasmaipada

From root `vad` (to speak).

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

पुरवासिनः (puravāsinaḥ) - city dwellers, inhabitants of the city

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puravāsin

puravāsin - city dweller, inhabitant of a city

Compound of 'pura' (city) and 'vāsin' (dwelling).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pura+vāsin)

• pura – city, town, stronghold
  noun (neuter)
• vāsin – dwelling, residing, inhabitant
  adjective
  agent noun from `vas`
  From root `vas` (to dwell) with suffix -in.
  Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'vadanti'.

नगरेषु (nagareṣu) - in cities

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Locative of place.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'nagareṣu' and 'janapadeṣu'.

सर्वेषु (sarveṣu) - in all

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'nagareṣu' and 'janapadeṣu'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King!

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Address to the king.

जनपदेषु (janapadeṣu) - in all administrative regions (janapadas) (in districts, in regions)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of janapada

janapada - country, district, inhabited land, realm, nation, region

Compound of 'jana' (people) and 'pada' (foot, place).

Compound type : tatpurusha (jana+pada)

• jana – person, people, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
• pada – foot, step, place, country
  noun (masculine)

Note: Locative of place.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'nagareṣu' and 'janapadeṣu' with the preceding 'ca'.