वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-42, verse-18

लङ्कामपि पुनर्नीतामशोकवनिकां गताम् ।
रक्षसां वशमापन्नां कथं रामो न कुत्सते ॥१८॥

18. laṅkāmapi punarnītāmaśokavanikāṃ gatām ,
rakṣasāṃ vaśamāpannāṃ kathaṃ rāmo na kutsate.

18. laṅkām api punaḥ nītām aśokavanikām gatām
rakṣasām vaśam āpannām katham rāmaḥ na kutsate

18. rāmaḥ katham na kutsate laṅkām api punaḥ nītām
aśokavanikām gatām rakṣasām vaśam āpannām

18. How is it that Rama does not condemn (Sita), even though she was taken back to Laṅkā, resided in the Aśoka garden, and had fallen under the control of the rākṣasas?

Words meanings summery:

• लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to Lanka

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, further

• नीताम् (nītām) - Sita taken back (taken, led, carried)

• अशोकवनिकाम् (aśokavanikām) - to the Aśoka garden in Laṅkā (to the Ashoka grove/garden)

• गताम् (gatām) - Sita having gone to/resided in (gone, resorted to, entered)

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the rākṣasas (demons)

• वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, subjugation

• आपन्नाम् (āpannām) - Sita having fallen under the control (having fallen into, having attained, having undergone)

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• न (na) - not

• कुत्सते (kutsate) - despises, blames, condemns

Words meanings and morphology

लङ्काम् (laṅkām) - to Lanka

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of laṅkā

laṅkā - Lanka (name of the island kingdom of Ravana)

Note: Destination of being 'taken back'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the state of Sita.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, back, further

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'nītām'.

नीताम् (nītām) - Sita taken back (taken, led, carried)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nīta

nīta - taken, led, carried, brought

past passive participle

From root `nī` (to lead, carry).

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Refers to Sita, implied.

अशोकवनिकाम् (aśokavanikām) - to the Aśoka garden in Laṅkā (to the Ashoka grove/garden)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aśokavanikā

aśokavanikā - Ashoka grove, Ashoka garden (a specific garden in Lanka where Sita was held)

Compound of 'aśoka' (Ashoka tree) and 'vanikā' (small grove/garden).

Compound type : tatpurusha (aśoka+vanikā)

• aśoka – Ashoka tree (Saraca asoca), sorrowless
  noun (masculine)
• vanikā – small wood, grove, garden
  noun (feminine)

Note: Destination of 'gatām'.

गताम् (gatām) - Sita having gone to/resided in (gone, resorted to, entered)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, obtained, happened

past passive participle

From root `gam` (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to Sita, implied.

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the rākṣasas (demons)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - rākṣasa, demon, evil being

Note: Possession: 'control of the rākṣasas'.

वशम् (vaśam) - control, power, subjugation

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vaśa

vaśa - will, control, power, subjugation

Note: Object of 'āpannām'.

आपन्नाम् (āpannām) - Sita having fallen under the control (having fallen into, having attained, having undergone)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpanna

āpanna - fallen into, attained, reached, obtained, undergone

past passive participle

From `ā-pad` (to go towards, fall into).

Prefix: ā

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Refers to Sita, implied.

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of the seventh avatar of Vishnu)

Note: Subject of the verb 'kutsate'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb 'kutsate'.

कुत्सते (kutsate) - despises, blames, condemns

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kuts

Present Tense, Ātmanepada

From root `kuts` (to despise). Denominative from `kutsa` (blame).

Root: kuts (class 1)

Note: Verb of the main clause.