वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-42, verse-14

दुष्करं कृतवान् रामः समुद्रे सेतुबन्धनम् ।
अकृतं पूर्वकैः कैश्चिद्देवैरपि सदानवैः ॥१४॥

14. duṣkaraṃ kṛtavān rāmaḥ samudre setubandhanam ,
akṛtaṃ pūrvakaiḥ kaiściddevairapi sadānavaiḥ.

14. duṣkaram kṛtavān rāmaḥ samudre setubandhanam
akṛtam pūrvakaiḥ kaiścit devaiḥ api sadānavaiḥ

14. rāmaḥ samudre duṣkaram setubandhanam kṛtavān
akṛtam pūrvakaiḥ kaiścit devaiḥ api sadānavaiḥ

14. Rama accomplished the extremely difficult task of constructing a bridge across the ocean. This feat had never been achieved before by any predecessors, not even by the gods along with the demons.

Words meanings summery:

• दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, arduous, hard

• कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he did, performed

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

• समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean, in the sea

• सेतुबन्धनम् (setubandhanam) - bridge-building, the construction of a bridge

• अकृतम् (akṛtam) - not done, unaccomplished, undone

• पूर्वकैः (pūrvakaiḥ) - by former ones, by predecessors

• कैश्चित् (kaiścit) - by some, by any

• देवैः (devaiḥ) - by gods

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• सदानवैः (sadānavaiḥ) - together with the Dānavas (demons)

Words meanings and morphology

दुष्करम् (duṣkaram) - difficult to do, arduous, hard

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkara

duṣkara - difficult to do, hard to perform, arduous

Formed with prefix 'dus-' (difficult) and root 'kṛ' (to do).

Compound type : pra-ādi tatpuruṣa (dus+kara)

• dus – bad, difficult, hard
  indeclinable
  A prefix (upasarga).
• kara – doing, making, causing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from kṛ
  Derived from root kṛ + a (kṛt suffix).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'setubandhanam'.

कृतवान् (kṛtavān) - he did, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - one who has done, performed

Past Active Participle

Formed from root kṛ + ktavat (kṛtavat). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Grammatically an adjective, but syntactically acts as a main verb.

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rama

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a legendary king of Ayodhya), pleasing, delightful

Root: ram

Note: Subject of the sentence.

समुद्रे (samudre) - in the ocean, in the sea

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Root: mud

Note: Locative of place.

सेतुबन्धनम् (setubandhanam) - bridge-building, the construction of a bridge

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of setubandhana

setubandhana - building a bridge, the act of binding or constructing a bridge

Derived from setu (bridge) and bandhana (binding/building).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (setu+bandhana)

• setu – bridge, dike, dam, causeway
  noun (masculine)
  Root: si
• bandhana – binding, fettering, tying, construction
  noun (neuter)
  noun of action
  Derived from root bandh + ana (lyuṭ suffix).
  Root: bandh (class 9)

Note: Object of 'kṛtavān'.

अकृतम् (akṛtam) - not done, unaccomplished, undone

(adjective)

neuter, singular of akṛta

akṛta - not done, not made, unperformed, undone

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root kṛ + kta (kṛta) with negative prefix 'a-'. Nominative/accusative singular neuter.

Compound type : nañ tatpuruṣa (a+kṛta)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kṛta – done, made, performed, accomplished
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ + kta.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Qualifies 'setubandhanam' (implied: "that which was undone").

पूर्वकैः (pūrvakaiḥ) - by former ones, by predecessors

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pūrvaka

pūrvaka - former, previous, preceding, ancestors, predecessors

Derived from pūrva (former) + kan (taddhita suffix).

Note: Agent of the passive 'akṛtam'.

कैश्चित् (kaiścit) - by some, by any

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kimcit

kimcit - someone, anyone, something, anything

Indefinite pronoun formed by 'kim' (what/who) + 'cit' (particle). Masculine plural instrumental.

Note: Indefinite pronoun, agrees with `pūrvakaiḥ`. Sandhi `kaibhyaḥ + cit` -> `kaiścit`.

देवैः (devaiḥ) - by gods

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div

Note: Agent of the passive 'akṛtam'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

Particle used for emphasis.

सदानवैः (sadānavaiḥ) - together with the Dānavas (demons)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sadānava

sadānava - accompanied by Dānavas, with Dānavas

Formed with 'sa-' (with) and 'dānava' (demon). Instrumental plural.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+dānava)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with' or 'having'.
• dānava – a demon, an asura (offspring of Danu)
  noun (masculine)
  Patronymic from Danu.

Note: Qualifies `devaiḥ` (gods with Dānavas).