वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-42, verse-13

शृणु राजन्यथा पौराः कथयन्ति शुभाशुभम् ।
चत्वरापणरथ्यासु वनेषूपवनेषु च ॥१३॥

13. śṛṇu rājanyathā paurāḥ kathayanti śubhāśubham ,
catvarāpaṇarathyāsu vaneṣūpavaneṣu ca.

13. śṛṇu rājan yathā paurāḥ kathayanti śubhāśubham
catvarāpaṇarathyāsu vaneṣu upavaneṣu ca

13. rājan śṛṇu yathā paurāḥ catvarāpaṇarathyāsu
vaneṣu upavaneṣu ca śubhāśubham kathayanti

13. Listen, O king, to what the citizens are saying, both good and bad, in the town squares, market places, and streets, as well as in the forests and gardens.

Words meanings summery:

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - Listen! Hear!

• राजन् (rājan) - O king, ruler

• यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which way

• पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens, townspeople

• कथयन्ति (kathayanti) - they tell, they speak, they narrate

• शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious things

• चत्वरापणरथ्यासु (catvarāpaṇarathyāsu) - in squares, markets, and streets

• वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in forests, in woods

• उपवनेषु (upavaneṣu) - in gardens, in groves, in pleasure-grounds

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

शृणु (śṛṇu) - Listen! Hear!

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative

2nd person singular, active voice

Root: śru (class 5)

राजन् (rājan) - O king, ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj

यथा (yathā) - as, how, in which way

(indeclinable)

पौराः (paurāḥ) - citizens, townspeople

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of paura

paura - a citizen, townsman, belonging to a town

Derived from pur (city) + aṇ (taddhita suffix)

Root: pur

कथयन्ति (kathayanti) - they tell, they speak, they narrate

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of kath

causative stem (kathaya)

Present indicative, 3rd person plural, active voice. Root kath (derived from katha, "tale").

Root: kath (class 10)

शुभाशुभम् (śubhāśubham) - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious things

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubhāśubha

śubhāśubha - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

Compound type : itaretara dvandva (śubha+aśubha)

• śubha – good, auspicious, beautiful
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: śubh
• aśubha – bad, inauspicious, unlucky
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: a

Note: Represents the aggregate of good and bad things.

चत्वरापणरथ्यासु (catvarāpaṇarathyāsu) - in squares, markets, and streets

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of catvarāpaṇarathyā

catvarāpaṇarathyā - town squares, markets, and streets

Compound type : itaretara dvandva (catvara+āpaṇa+rathyā)

• catvara – square, courtyard, crossroads
  noun (neuter)
• āpaṇa – market, shop, bazaar
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ap
• rathyā – street, road, highway
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from ratha (chariot) + ya (taddhita suffix), meaning 'suitable for chariots'.
  Root: rath

Note: Feminine form of compound, locative plural.

वनेषु (vaneṣu) - in forests, in woods

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vana

vana - forest, wood, grove, thicket

Root: van

उपवनेषु (upavaneṣu) - in gardens, in groves, in pleasure-grounds

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of upavana

upavana - garden, grove, park, pleasure-ground

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.