वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-42, verse-1

तत्रोपविष्टं राजानमुपासन्ते विचक्षणाः ।
कथानां बहुरूपाणां हास्यकाराः समन्ततः ॥१॥

1. tatropaviṣṭaṃ rājānamupāsante vicakṣaṇāḥ ,
kathānāṃ bahurūpāṇāṃ hāsyakārāḥ samantataḥ.

1. tatra upaviṣṭam rājānam upāsante vicakṣaṇāḥ
kathānām bahurūpāṇām hāsyakārāḥ samantataḥ

1. tatra upaviṣṭam rājānam vicakṣaṇāḥ hāsyakārāḥ
samantataḥ bahurūpāṇām kathānām upāsante

1. Wise persons and humorists from all around attend the king seated there, narrating diverse stories.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्र (tatra) - there (there, at that place)

• उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - seated (seated, sat down, occupying)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (king, ruler)

• उपासन्ते (upāsante) - they attend (they attend, they serve, they worship)

• विचक्षणाः (vicakṣaṇāḥ) - wise persons (wise, discerning, skilled persons)

• कथानाम् (kathānām) - of stories (of stories, of tales)

• बहुरूपाणाम् (bahurūpāṇām) - of many kinds (of many forms, of diverse kinds)

• हास्यकाराः (hāsyakārāḥ) - humorists (humorists, jesters, those who make laugh)

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all around (from all sides, all around, everywhere)

Words meanings and morphology

तत्र (tatra) - there (there, at that place)

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - seated (seated, sat down, occupying)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sat down

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with upasarga upa- (near, to sit)

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'rājānam'.

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Object of 'upāsante'.

उपासन्ते (upāsante) - they attend (they attend, they serve, they worship)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of upa-ās

Prefix: upa

Root: ās (class 2)

विचक्षणाः (vicakṣaṇāḥ) - wise persons (wise, discerning, skilled persons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vicakṣaṇa

vicakṣaṇa - wise, discerning, skilled

Often used as a noun meaning 'wise person'. Derived from root cakṣ (to see, perceive) with upasarga vi- (apart, thoroughly).

Prefix: vi

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'upāsante'.

कथानाम् (kathānām) - of stories (of stories, of tales)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narrative

Note: Qualifies the type of stories narrated.

बहुरूपाणाम् (bahurūpāṇām) - of many kinds (of many forms, of diverse kinds)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of bahurūpa

bahurūpa - many-formed, multi-faceted, diverse

Compound of bahu (many) and rūpa (form).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+rūpa)

• bahu – many, much
  adjective (masculine)
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'kathānām'.

हास्यकाराः (hāsyakārāḥ) - humorists (humorists, jesters, those who make laugh)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hāsyakāra

hāsyakāra - humorist, jester, one who causes laughter

Compound of hāsya (humor) and kāra (maker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hāsya+kāra)

• hāsya – laughable, humorous; laughter
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Derived from root has (to laugh)
  Root: has (class 1)
• kāra – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'upāsante', co-referring with 'vicakṣaṇāḥ'.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all around (from all sides, all around, everywhere)

(indeclinable)

Derived from samanta (all-sided) with the suffix -tas.