वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-27, verse-7

प्रभवन्तं पदस्थं हि परुषं को ऽभिधास्यति ।
पण्डितः शास्त्रतत्त्वज्ञो विना प्रोत्साहनाद् रिपोः ॥७॥

7. prabhavantaṃ padasthaṃ hi paruṣaṃ ko'bhidhāsyati ,
paṇḍitaḥ śāstratattvajño vinā protsāhanād ripoḥ.

7. prabhavantam padastham hi paruṣam kaḥ abhidhāsyati
paṇḍitaḥ śāstratattvajñaḥ vinā protsāhanāt ripoḥ

7. hi paṇḍitaḥ śāstratattvajñaḥ ripoḥ protsāhanāt vinā
prabhavantam padastham paruṣam kaḥ abhidhāsyati

7. Indeed, what scholar, conversant with the true principles of scriptures, would speak harshly to a powerful person in a high position, without being instigated by an enemy?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रभवन्तम् (prabhavantam) - powerful, influential, mighty

• पदस्थम् (padastham) - situated in a position, occupying a post, in office

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• अभिधास्यति (abhidhāsyati) - will speak, will address, will declare

• पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a scholar, a wise person, learned

• शास्त्रतत्त्वज्ञः (śāstratattvajñaḥ) - one who knows the essence of scriptures, expert in scriptural principles

• विना (vinā) - without, except for, apart from

• प्रोत्साहनात् (protsāhanāt) - from instigation, from encouragement, from incitement

• रिपोः (ripoḥ) - of an enemy

Words meanings and morphology

प्रभवन्तम् (prabhavantam) - powerful, influential, mighty

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prabhavat

prabhavat - powerful, influential, mighty, efficacious

Present Active Participle

Derived from pra-bhū (to be powerful, to arise). Formed with the śatṛ affix.

Prefix: pra

Root: bhū (class 1)

पदस्थम् (padastham) - situated in a position, occupying a post, in office

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of padastha

padastha - standing in a position, occupying a post, in office, in power

Compound formed with pada (position) and stha (standing).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pada+stha)

• pada – foot, step, word, position, office
  noun (neuter)
• stha – standing, staying, situated in
  adjective
  Agent noun from root sthā
  Derived from root sthā (to stand) with the suffix 'ka'.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the implied powerful person.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, unkind, coarse

Note: Qualifies the implied powerful person.

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

अभिधास्यति (abhidhāsyati) - will speak, will address, will declare

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (luṭ) of abhidhā

Future Tense (luṭ)

From abhi-dhā (to place, to hold). Here meaning 'to speak to' or 'to address'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhā (class 3)

पण्डितः (paṇḍitaḥ) - a scholar, a wise person, learned

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - a scholar, a wise person, learned, master

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शास्त्रतत्त्वज्ञः (śāstratattvajñaḥ) - one who knows the essence of scriptures, expert in scriptural principles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāstratattvajña

śāstratattvajña - one who knows the essence of scriptures, expert in scriptural principles

Compound of śāstra, tattva, and jña.

Compound type : tatpurusha (śāstra+tattva+jña)

• śāstra – scripture, sacred book, treatise, rule, doctrine
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śās (class 2)
• tattva – reality, truth, essence, principle, fundamental nature
  noun (neuter)
  From tad + tva.
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise, an expert
  adjective
  Agent noun from jñā
  From root jñā (to know) with suffix 'ka'.
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies paṇḍitaḥ.

विना (vinā) - without, except for, apart from

(indeclinable)

प्रोत्साहनात् (protsāhanāt) - from instigation, from encouragement, from incitement

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of protsāhana

protsāhana - instigation, encouragement, incitement, stimulation

From pra-ut-sah (to endeavor, to incite).

Prefixes: pra+ut

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Governed by vinā.

रिपोः (ripoḥ) - of an enemy

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe, adversary

Note: Modifies protsāhanāt (instigation of an enemy).