वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-27, verse-4

मानुषं कृपणं राममेकं शाखामृगाश्रयम् ।
समर्थं मन्यसे केन त्यक्तं पित्रा वनालयम् ॥४॥

4. mānuṣaṃ kṛpaṇaṃ rāmamekaṃ śākhāmṛgāśrayam ,
samarthaṃ manyase kena tyaktaṃ pitrā vanālayam.

4. mānuṣam kṛpaṇam rāmam ekam śākhāmṛga-āśrayam
samartham manyase kena tyaktam pitrā vana-ālayam

4. kena tvam pitrā tyaktam vana-ālayam mānuṣam kṛpaṇam
ekam śākhāmṛga-āśrayam rāmam samartham manyase

4. By what reasoning do you consider Rāma, a mere human, pitiable, alone, dependent on monkeys, abandoned by his father, and dwelling in the forest, to be capable?

Words meanings summery:

• मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human, pertaining to man

• कृपणम् (kṛpaṇam) - pitiable, wretched, miserable, poor

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

• एकम् (ekam) - alone, single, one

• शाखामृग-आश्रयम् (śākhāmṛga-āśrayam) - having monkeys as refuge, supported by monkeys

• समर्थम् (samartham) - capable, able, strong, powerful

• मन्यसे (manyase) - you consider, you think, you believe

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom, why

• त्यक्तम् (tyaktam) - abandoned, forsaken, given up

• पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father

• वन-आलयम् (vana-ālayam) - dwelling in the forest, forest-dweller

Words meanings and morphology

मानुषम् (mānuṣam) - human, pertaining to man

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mānuṣa

mānuṣa - human, man, pertaining to man

Derived from 'manu' (man)

Note: Qualifies Rāmam.

कृपणम् (kṛpaṇam) - pitiable, wretched, miserable, poor

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - pitiable, wretched, miserable, poor, lamentable

From root 'kṛp' (to lament)

Root: kṛp (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāmam.

रामम् (rāmam) - Rāma

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a proper name, the hero of Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: Object of 'manyase'.

एकम् (ekam) - alone, single, one

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Qualifies Rāmam.

शाखामृग-आश्रयम् (śākhāmṛga-āśrayam) - having monkeys as refuge, supported by monkeys

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śākhāmṛga-āśraya

śākhāmṛga-āśraya - having monkeys as support/refuge

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śākhāmṛga+āśraya)

• śākhāmṛga – monkey (lit. 'branch-deer')
  noun (masculine)
• āśraya – refuge, support, shelter
  noun (masculine)
  From √śri (to resort to) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāmam.

समर्थम् (samartham) - capable, able, strong, powerful

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of samartha

samartha - capable, able, strong, powerful, competent

From 'sam' (with, together) + 'artha' (purpose, meaning)

Note: Predicative adjective for Rāmam (object of 'manyase').

मन्यसे (manyase) - you consider, you think, you believe

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of man

Present middle indicative 2nd singular of √man

Root: man (class 4)

केन (kena) - by what, by whom, why

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which (interrogative pronoun)

Note: Asking for the reason/means.

त्यक्तम् (tyaktam) - abandoned, forsaken, given up

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tyakta

tyakta - abandoned, forsaken, given up

Past Passive Participle

From √tyaj (to abandon) + kta

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Rāmam.

पित्रा (pitrā) - by the father

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Agent of 'tyaktam'.

वन-आलयम् (vana-ālayam) - dwelling in the forest, forest-dweller

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vana-ālaya

vana-ālaya - forest-dweller, dwelling in the forest

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (vana+ālaya)

• vana – forest, wood
  noun (neuter)
• ālaya – dwelling, abode, home
  noun (masculine)
  From √lī (to cling, to dwell) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Qualifies Rāmam.