वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-21, verse-4

इति तेनानुशिष्टस्तु वाचं मन्दमुदीरयत् ।
तदा राक्षसशार्दूलं शार्दूलो भयविह्वलः ॥४॥

4. iti tenānuśiṣṭastu vācaṃ mandamudīrayat ,
tadā rākṣasaśārdūlaṃ śārdūlo bhayavihvalaḥ.

4. iti tena anuśiṣṭaḥ tu vācam mandam udīrayat
tadā rākṣasaśārdūlam śārdūlaḥ bhayavihvalaḥ

4. iti tena anuśiṣṭaḥ tu bhayavihvalaḥ śārdūlaḥ
tadā rākṣasaśārdūlam mandam vācam udīrayat

4. Thus instructed by him, the spy Śārdūla, overwhelmed with fear, then slowly addressed the chief of the Rākṣasas.

Words meanings summery:

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Rāvaṇa or a senior Rākṣasa) (by him, by that)

• अनुशिष्टः (anuśiṣṭaḥ) - instructed (instructed, taught, ordered)

• तु (tu) - indeed, just (but, indeed, yet, however)

• वाचम् (vācam) - words, speech (speech, word)

• मन्दम् (mandam) - slowly (slowly, gently, softly)

• उदीरयत् (udīrayat) - uttered, spoke (uttered, spoke, moved upwards)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• राक्षसशार्दूलम् (rākṣasaśārdūlam) - to the chief of the Rākṣasas (Rāvaṇa) (to the chief of Rākṣasas, to the tiger among Rākṣasas)

• शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - the spy Śārdūla (proper noun) (tiger, excellent one, the spy Śārdūla)

• भयविह्वलः (bhayavihvalaḥ) - overwhelmed with fear (overwhelmed with fear, agitated by fear)

Words meanings and morphology

इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by him (Rāvaṇa or a senior Rākṣasa) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अनुशिष्टः (anuśiṣṭaḥ) - instructed (instructed, taught, ordered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuśiṣṭa

anuśiṣṭa - instructed, taught, ordered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śās (to instruct) with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

तु (tu) - indeed, just (but, indeed, yet, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वाचम् (vācam) - words, speech (speech, word)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of udīrayat.

मन्दम् (mandam) - slowly (slowly, gently, softly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

उदीरयत् (udīrayat) - uttered, spoke (uttered, spoke, moved upwards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of udīr

Imperfect Active Third Singular

From root īr (to move) with prefix ud. Causative stem īray.

Prefix: ud

Root: īr (class 2)

Note: Subject is śārdūlaḥ.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronominal base tad.

राक्षसशार्दूलम् (rākṣasaśārdūlam) - to the chief of the Rākṣasas (Rāvaṇa) (to the chief of Rākṣasas, to the tiger among Rākṣasas)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rākṣasaśārdūla

rākṣasaśārdūla - tiger among Rākṣasas, chief Rākṣasa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rākṣasa+śārdūla)

• rākṣasa – demon, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, excellent one, chief
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of udīrayat.

शार्दूलः (śārdūlaḥ) - the spy Śārdūla (proper noun) (tiger, excellent one, the spy Śārdūla)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śārdūla

śārdūla - tiger, excellent one, a proper name

Note: Subject of udīrayat.

भयविह्वलः (bhayavihvalaḥ) - overwhelmed with fear (overwhelmed with fear, agitated by fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhayavihvala

bhayavihvala - overwhelmed with fear

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+vihvala)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• vihvala – agitated, confused, overwhelmed
  adjective (masculine)
  From root hvṛ with prefix vi.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hvṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies śārdūlaḥ.

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