वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-9, verse-5

स तु सुप्ते जने रात्रौ किष्किन्धाद्वारमागतः ।
नर्दति स्म सुसंरब्धो वालिनं चाह्वयद् रणे ॥५॥

5. sa tu supte jane rātrau kiṣkindhādvāramāgataḥ ,
nardati sma susaṃrabdho vālinaṃ cāhvayad raṇe.

5. saḥ tu supte jane rātrau kiṣkindhādvāram āgataḥ
nardati sma susaṃrabdhaḥ vālinam ca āhvayat raṇe

5. tu saḥ rātrau jane supte kiṣkindhādvāram āgataḥ
susaṃrabdhaḥ nardati sma ca vālinam raṇe āhvayat

5. Indeed, he arrived at the gate of Kiṣkindhā at night when people were asleep. Greatly enraged, he roared loudly and challenged Vālin to battle.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that one

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

• सुप्ते (supte) - when asleep, in sleep

• जने (jane) - in the people, among the folk

• रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

• किष्किन्धाद्वारम् (kiṣkindhādvāram) - to the gate of Kiṣkindhā

• आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come, arrived

• नर्दति (nardati) - he roars, shouts

• स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense with present verb)

• सुसंरब्धः (susaṁrabdhaḥ) - greatly enraged, highly incensed

• वालिनम् (vālinam) - Vālin (the monkey king)

• च (ca) - and

• आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - he challenged, called out

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet

(indeclinable)

सुप्ते (supte) - when asleep, in sleep

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of supta

supta - asleep, sleeping, dormant

Past Passive Participle

Root: svap (class 2)

जने (jane) - in the people, among the folk

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, creature, folk

रात्रौ (rātrau) - at night, in the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

किष्किन्धाद्वारम् (kiṣkindhādvāram) - to the gate of Kiṣkindhā

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kiṣkindhādvāra

kiṣkindhādvāra - the gate of Kiṣkindhā (the monkey kingdom capital)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kiṣkindhā+dvāra)

• kiṣkindhā – Kiṣkindhā (name of the monkey kingdom capital)
  proper noun (feminine)
• dvāra – door, gate, entrance
  noun (neuter)

आगतः (āgataḥ) - having come, arrived

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āgata

āgata - arrived, come, approached

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

नर्दति (nardati) - he roars, shouts

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of nard

Root: nard (class 1)

स्म (sma) - (particle indicating past tense with present verb)

(indeclinable)

सुसंरब्धः (susaṁrabdhaḥ) - greatly enraged, highly incensed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of susaṃrabdha

susaṁrabdha - greatly agitated, highly incensed

Past Passive Participle

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+saṃrabdha)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• saṃrabdha – enraged, agitated, furious
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Prefix: sam
  Root: rabh (class 1)

वालिनम् (vālinam) - Vālin (the monkey king)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vālin (name of the monkey king)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आह्वयत् (āhvayat) - he challenged, called out

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of āhve

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

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