वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-9, verse-15

तस्य प्रविष्टस्य बिलं साग्रः संवत्सरो गतः ।
स्थितस्य च मम द्वारि स कालो व्यत्यवर्तत ॥१५॥

15. tasya praviṣṭasya bilaṃ sāgraḥ saṃvatsaro gataḥ ,
sthitasya ca mama dvāri sa kālo vyatyavartata.

15. tasya praviṣṭasya bilam sāgraḥ saṃvatsaraḥ gataḥ
sthitasya ca mama dvāri saḥ kālaḥ vyatyavartata

15. tasya bilam praviṣṭasya sāgraḥ saṃvatsaraḥ gataḥ
ca mama dvāri sthitasya saḥ kālaḥ vyatyavartata

15. A full year passed after he (Vali) entered the cave. And that much time elapsed while I remained at the entrance.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - of him (Vali) (his, of him)

• प्रविष्टस्य (praviṣṭasya) - of him (Vali) who had entered (the cave) (of one who has entered, of the entered one)

• बिलम् (bilam) - the cave (cave, hole)

• साग्रः (sāgraḥ) - more than (a year) (with a tip, with a remainder, more than)

• संवत्सरः (saṁvatsaraḥ) - a full year (a year)

• गतः (gataḥ) - passed (referring to the year) (gone, passed, elapsed)

• स्थितस्य (sthitasya) - of me (Sugriva) who remained (at the entrance) (of one who stood, of the one who remained)

• च (ca) - and (connects two clauses) (and, also)

• मम (mama) - of me (Sugriva) (my, of me)

• द्वारि (dvāri) - at the entrance (of the cave) (at the door, at the entrance)

• सः (saḥ) - that (mentioned) period of time (that)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - that period of time (the year) (time, season)

• व्यत्यवर्तत (vyatyavartata) - (that time) elapsed (elapsed, passed by)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - of him (Vali) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Connected with 'praviṣṭasya'.

प्रविष्टस्य (praviṣṭasya) - of him (Vali) who had entered (the cave) (of one who has entered, of the entered one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into

Past Passive Participle

From prefix pra- + root viś (to enter) + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies the implied subject of 'tasya'.

बिलम् (bilam) - the cave (cave, hole)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - cave, hole, cavity

Note: Object of the implied verb of 'praviṣṭasya'.

साग्रः (sāgraḥ) - more than (a year) (with a tip, with a remainder, more than)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sāgra

sāgra - having a tip, having a remainder, with an excess, more than

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+agra)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• agra – front, tip, top, excess, additional part
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'saṃvatsaraḥ'.

संवत्सरः (saṁvatsaraḥ) - a full year (a year)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year, a particular year of the Indian cycle

Prefix: sam

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'gataḥ'.

गतः (gataḥ) - passed (referring to the year) (gone, passed, elapsed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, passed, elapsed

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta suffix

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Predicate for 'saṃvatsaraḥ'.

स्थितस्य (sthitasya) - of me (Sugriva) who remained (at the entrance) (of one who stood, of the one who remained)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, staying, situated, remaining

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) + kta suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'mama'.

च (ca) - and (connects two clauses) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

मम (mama) - of me (Sugriva) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive form, linked to 'sthitasya'.

द्वारि (dvāri) - at the entrance (of the cave) (at the door, at the entrance)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dvāra

dvāra - door, gate, entrance

Note: Denotes location of remaining.

सः (saḥ) - that (mentioned) period of time (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'kālaḥ'.

कालः (kālaḥ) - that period of time (the year) (time, season)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

Note: Subject of 'vyatyavartata'.

व्यत्यवर्तत (vyatyavartata) - (that time) elapsed (elapsed, passed by)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect indicative (laṅ) of vṛt

Root vṛt preceded by prefixes vi- and ati-

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada (Ā.P.)

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