वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-9, verse-11

स तृणैरावृतं दुर्गं धरण्या विवरं महत् ।
प्रविवेशासुरो वेगादावामासाद्य विष्ठितौ ॥११॥

11. sa tṛṇairāvṛtaṃ durgaṃ dharaṇyā vivaraṃ mahat ,
praviveśāsuro vegādāvāmāsādya viṣṭhitau.

11. saḥ tṛṇaiḥ āvṛtam durgam dharaṇyā vivaram mahat
praviveśa asuraḥ vegāt āvām āsādya viṣṭhitau

11. asuraḥ saḥ tṛṇaiḥ āvṛtam durgam mahat dharaṇyā
vivaram vegāt praviveśa āvām āsādya viṣṭhitau

11. He, the demon, swiftly entered a large, grass-covered, inaccessible cavern in the earth, just as we two approached and stood (at its entrance).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (the demon) (he, that)

• तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - by grasses (by grasses, with straw)

• आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered (covered, enveloped, surrounded)

• दुर्गम् (durgam) - inaccessible (place), stronghold (difficult to access, fortress, stronghold, inaccessible place)

• धरण्या (dharaṇyā) - of the earth (of the earth, by the earth)

• विवरम् (vivaram) - a cavern (hole, opening, cavern, fissure)

• महत् (mahat) - large (great, large, extensive)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered (entered, penetrated)

• असुरः (asuraḥ) - the demon (demon, powerful being)

• वेगात् (vegāt) - swiftly (with speed, quickly, impulsively)

• आवाम् (āvām) - we two (we two, both of us)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached (having approached, having obtained, having reached)

• विष्ठितौ (viṣṭhitau) - stood (standing, situated, abiding)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (the demon) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the demon, the subject of 'praviveśa'.

तृणैः (tṛṇaiḥ) - by grasses (by grasses, with straw)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of tṛṇa

tṛṇa - grass, herb, straw

Note: Agent of 'āvṛtam'.

आवृतम् (āvṛtam) - covered (covered, enveloped, surrounded)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of āvṛta

āvṛta - covered, surrounded, enveloped, enclosed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root vṛ (to cover, enclose) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Modifies 'vivaram' and 'durgam'.

दुर्गम् (durgam) - inaccessible (place), stronghold (difficult to access, fortress, stronghold, inaccessible place)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of durga

durga - difficult to approach, inaccessible; a fortress, stronghold, difficult passage

Derived from 'dur' (difficult) and root 'gam' (to go).

Prefix: dur

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'praviveśa', refers to the cavern.

धरण्या (dharaṇyā) - of the earth (of the earth, by the earth)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of dharaṇī

dharaṇī - earth, ground

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, modifying 'vivaram'.

विवरम् (vivaram) - a cavern (hole, opening, cavern, fissure)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vivara

vivara - a hole, opening, chasm, fissure, cavern

Derived from root vṛ (to cover) with prefix vi (meaning separation) and suffix -a.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Object of 'praviveśa'.

महत् (mahat) - large (great, large, extensive)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty

Note: Modifies 'vivaram'.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - entered (entered, penetrated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of pra-viś

Perfect Active

Perfect tense (Liṭ) 3rd person singular active form of the root viś (to enter) with the prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

असुरः (asuraḥ) - the demon (demon, powerful being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of asura

asura - demon, titan; powerful spiritual being

Note: Subject of 'praviveśa'.

वेगात् (vegāt) - swiftly (with speed, quickly, impulsively)

(indeclinable)

Ablative case used adverbially to denote manner 'with speed'.

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Modifies the verb 'praviveśa'.

आवाम् (āvām) - we two (we two, both of us)

(pronoun)

Nominative, dual of asmad

asmad - we (plural), I (singular)

Note: Subject of the implied action of 'āsādya' and 'viṣṭhitau'.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached (having approached, having obtained, having reached)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from root sad (to sit, settle) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Describes an action completed by 'āvām' before or concurrently with the main action.

विष्ठितौ (viṣṭhitau) - stood (standing, situated, abiding)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of viṣṭhita

viṣṭhita - standing, situated, abiding, placed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root sthā (to stand) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'āvām', indicating their state of standing.

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