वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-9, verse-10

तस्मिन्द्रवति संत्रस्ते ह्यावां द्रुततरं गतौ ।
प्रकाशो ऽपि कृतो मार्गश्चन्द्रेणोद्गच्छता तदा ॥१०॥

10. tasmindravati saṃtraste hyāvāṃ drutataraṃ gatau ,
prakāśo'pi kṛto mārgaścandreṇodgacchatā tadā.

10. tasmin dravati saṃtraste hi āvām drutataraṃ gatau
prakāśaḥ api kṛtaḥ mārgaḥ candreṇa udgacchatā tadā

10. tasmin saṃtraste dravati hi āvām drutataraṃ gatau
tadā candreṇa udgacchatā api mārgaḥ prakāśaḥ kṛtaḥ

10. As he fled in terror, we two pursued him even more swiftly. At that time, the path was also illuminated by the rising moon.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (demon) (in that, to that, on that)

• द्रवति (dravati) - fleeing (running, fleeing, moving)

• संत्रस्ते (saṁtraste) - terrified (terrified, frightened)

• हि (hi) - indeed, even (indeed, surely, because)

• आवाम् (āvām) - we two (we two, both of us)

• द्रुततरं (drutataraṁ) - even more swiftly (more swiftly, very quickly)

• गतौ (gatau) - went, pursued (went, gone)

• प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - light (light, brightness, manifestation)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, illuminated (made, done, performed)

• मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - the path (path, way, road)

• चन्द्रेण (candreṇa) - by the moon

• उद्गच्छता (udgacchatā) - by the rising (by the rising, by the going up)

• तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (demon) (in that, to that, on that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'dravati' and 'saṃtraste'.

द्रवति (dravati) - fleeing (running, fleeing, moving)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dru

dru - to run, flow, move quickly

Present Participle

Present active participle (śatṛ) form of the root dru, used in locative absolute.

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction.

संत्रस्ते (saṁtraste) - terrified (terrified, frightened)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃtrasta

saṁtrasta - terrified, greatly frightened

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root tras (to tremble) with prefix saṃ.

Prefix: sam

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction, modifying 'tasmin'.

हि (hi) - indeed, even (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

आवाम् (āvām) - we two (we two, both of us)

(pronoun)

Nominative, dual of asmad

asmad - we (plural), I (singular)

Note: Subject of 'gatau'.

द्रुततरं (drutataraṁ) - even more swiftly (more swiftly, very quickly)

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of 'druta' (swift) using suffix -tara, used adverbially.

Note: Modifies the verb 'gatau'.

गतौ (gatau) - went, pursued (went, gone)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, dual of gata

gata - gone, proceeded, attained

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root gam (to go), used here as a finite verb in dual.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'we two'.

प्रकाशः (prakāśaḥ) - light (light, brightness, manifestation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakāśa

prakāśa - light, brightness, lustre; clear, manifest

Derived from root kāś (to shine) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'kṛtaḥ' (when 'mārgaḥ' is object).

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

कृतः (kṛtaḥ) - made, illuminated (made, done, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of the root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'mārgaḥ'. Here, it implies 'made bright' or 'illuminated'.

मार्गः (mārgaḥ) - the path (path, way, road)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārga

mārga - road, path, way, track

Root: mṛg (class 2)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

चन्द्रेण (candreṇa) - by the moon

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of candra

candra - moon; bright, shining

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'kṛtaḥ'.

उद्गच्छता (udgacchatā) - by the rising (by the rising, by the going up)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of udgacchat

udgacchat - rising, going up, ascending

Present Participle

Present active participle (śatṛ) form of the root gam (to go) with the prefix ud.

Prefix: ud

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'candreṇa'.

तदा (tadā) - at that time (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb derived from the pronoun 'tad'.

Note: Temporal adverb.

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