वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-9, verse-12

तं प्रविष्टं रिपुं दृष्ट्वा बिलं रोषवशं गतः ।
मामुवाच तदा वाली वचनं क्षुभितेन्द्रियः ॥१२॥

12. taṃ praviṣṭaṃ ripuṃ dṛṣṭvā bilaṃ roṣavaśaṃ gataḥ ,
māmuvāca tadā vālī vacanaṃ kṣubhitendriyaḥ.

12. tam praviṣṭam ripum dṛṣṭvā bilam roṣavaśam gataḥ
mām uvāca tadā vālī vacanam kṣubhita-indriyaḥ

12. bilam praviṣṭam tam ripum dṛṣṭvā kṣubhita-indriyaḥ
vālī roṣavaśam gataḥ tadā mām vacanam uvāca

12. Seeing that enemy enter the hole, Vali became overcome with rage, his senses greatly agitated, and then he spoke these words to me.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (enemy) (him, that)

• प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered (entered, gone into)

• रिपुम् (ripum) - the enemy (enemy, foe)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen, after seeing)

• बिलम् (bilam) - the hole (hole, cavity, cavern)

• रोषवशम् (roṣavaśam) - overcome with rage (under the influence of anger, overcome by rage)

• गतः (gataḥ) - became (overcome) (gone, become, reached)

• माम् (mām) - to me (me)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• वाली (vālī) - Vali (a specific character) (Vali (proper name))

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

• क्षुभित-इन्द्रियः (kṣubhita-indriyaḥ) - his senses greatly agitated (with agitated senses, whose senses are disturbed)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (enemy) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'ripum'.

प्रविष्टम् (praviṣṭam) - entered (entered, gone into)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, gone into, penetrated

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of root viś (to enter) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Modifies 'ripum'.

रिपुम् (ripum) - the enemy (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe, adversary

Root: rip (class 6)

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - seeing (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb 'uvāca'.

बिलम् (bilam) - the hole (hole, cavity, cavern)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - a hole, cavity, cavern, burrow

Note: Indicates the place into which the enemy entered. Object of 'praviṣṭam'.

रोषवशम् (roṣavaśam) - overcome with rage (under the influence of anger, overcome by rage)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of roṣavaśa

roṣavaśa - under the control/sway of anger

Tatpuruṣa compound: roṣasya vaśaḥ (sway of anger). Used adverbially here to indicate the state of Vali.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (roṣa+vaśa)

• roṣa – rage, anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root ruṣ (to be angry).
  Root: ruṣ (class 4)
• vaśa – will, power, control, sway
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vaś (class 2)

Note: Used with 'gataḥ' to mean 'became overcome by rage'.

गतः (gataḥ) - became (overcome) (gone, become, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, proceeded, attained, become

Past Passive Particple

Past passive participle of root gam (to go). Here used as part of a compound verbal phrase (roṣavaśam gataḥ) to mean 'became subject to anger'.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'vālī', indicating his state.

माम् (mām) - to me (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

asmad - I, me, my

Note: Recipient of the words, direct object of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense (Liṭ) 3rd person singular active form of the root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable adverb derived from the pronoun 'tad'.

Note: Temporal adverb.

वाली (vālī) - Vali (a specific character) (Vali (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vali (name of a powerful monkey king in the Rāmāyaṇa)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, saying)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, word, speech, statement

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Direct object of 'uvāca'.

क्षुभित-इन्द्रियः (kṣubhita-indriyaḥ) - his senses greatly agitated (with agitated senses, whose senses are disturbed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣubhita-indriya

kṣubhita-indriya - one whose senses are agitated or disturbed

Bahuvrīhi compound: kṣubhitāni indriyāṇi yasya saḥ (one whose senses are agitated).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṣubhita+indriya)

• kṣubhita – agitated, disturbed, shaken
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past passive participle of root kṣubh (to tremble, be agitated).
  Root: kṣubh (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'vālī'.

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