वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-9, verse-21

राज्यं प्रशासतस्तस्य न्यायतो मम राघव ।
आजगाम रिपुं हत्वा वाली तमसुरोत्तमम् ॥२१॥

21. rājyaṃ praśāsatastasya nyāyato mama rāghava ,
ājagāma ripuṃ hatvā vālī tamasurottamam.

21. rājyam praśāsataḥ tasya nyāyataḥ mama rāghava
ājagāma ripum hatvā vālī tam asurottamam

21. rāghava mama tasya rājyam nyāyataḥ praśāsataḥ
ripum tam asurottamam hatvā vālī ājagāma

21. O Rāghava, while I was justly ruling his kingdom, Vāli returned, having slain that formidable enemy, the best of asuras.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, dominion, sovereignty

• प्रशासतः (praśāsataḥ) - of one ruling, while ruling, governing

• तस्य (tasya) - Referring to Vāli's kingdom, being ruled by Sugrīva. (his, of him, of that)

• न्यायतः (nyāyataḥ) - justly, rightly, according to justice

• मम (mama) - Refers to Sugrīva, who is speaking to Rāma (Rāghava). (my, of me)

• राघव (rāghava) - Sugrīva addressing Rāma. (O Rāghava, descendant of Raghu)

• आजगाम (ājagāma) - came, arrived

• रिपुम् (ripum) - Refers to the asura (demon) Mayāvī in the Rāmāyaṇa context. (enemy, foe)

• हत्वा (hatvā) - Vāli killed the demon. (having killed, after killing)

• वाली (vālī) - Proper name of the powerful monkey king, Sugrīva's elder brother. (Vāli)

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the enemy, asurottamam. (that, him)

• असुरोत्तमम् (asurottamam) - Refers to Mayāvī, a powerful demon slain by Vāli. (the best of asuras, supreme demon)

Words meanings and morphology

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, dominion, sovereignty

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, government

Derived from rājan (king) + -ya suffix.

Note: Object of the participle praśāsataḥ.

प्रशासतः (praśāsataḥ) - of one ruling, while ruling, governing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of praśāsat

praśāsat - ruling, governing, administering

Present Active Participle

Derived from root śās (to rule, govern) with upasarga pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'mama' (my) in the sense 'of me, while ruling'.

तस्य (tasya) - Referring to Vāli's kingdom, being ruled by Sugrīva. (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with an implicit masculine noun (Vāli).

न्यायतः (nyāyataḥ) - justly, rightly, according to justice

(indeclinable)

Derived from nyāya (justice, rule) with the -tas suffix indicating 'from' or 'by means of'.

Note: Modifies praśāsataḥ.

मम (mama) - Refers to Sugrīva, who is speaking to Rāma (Rāghava). (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, my, us

Note: Refers to the speaker, Sugrīva.

राघव (rāghava) - Sugrīva addressing Rāma. (O Rāghava, descendant of Raghu)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, a patronymic often referring to Rāma

Patronymic derived from Raghu.

Note: Term of address for Rāma.

आजगाम (ājagāma) - came, arrived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of ā-gam

Perfect (lit) third person singular

Root gam (to go) with upasarga ā- (towards, hither).

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: The subject is vālī.

रिपुम् (ripum) - Refers to the asura (demon) Mayāvī in the Rāmāyaṇa context. (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe, adversary

Note: Object of hatvā.

हत्वा (hatvā) - Vāli killed the demon. (having killed, after killing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with -tvā suffix.

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Indicates a preceding action by the subject vālī.

वाली (vālī) - Proper name of the powerful monkey king, Sugrīva's elder brother. (Vāli)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vālin

vālin - Vāli, name of a powerful monkey king and brother of Sugrīva

Note: Subject of ājagāma.

तम् (tam) - Refers to the enemy, asurottamam. (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with asurottamam and ripum.

असुरोत्तमम् (asurottamam) - Refers to Mayāvī, a powerful demon slain by Vāli. (the best of asuras, supreme demon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asurottama

asurottama - best among asuras

Compound formed from asura (demon) and uttama (best).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (asura+uttama)

• asura – demon, titan, a class of mythological beings antagonistic to the devas
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, supreme, highest
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to the enemy, agreeing with ripum and tam.