वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-9, verse-14

मया त्वेतद्वचः श्रुत्वा याचितः स परंतप ।
शापयित्वा च मां पद्भ्यां प्रविवेश बिलं तदा ॥१४॥

14. mayā tvetadvacaḥ śrutvā yācitaḥ sa paraṃtapa ,
śāpayitvā ca māṃ padbhyāṃ praviveśa bilaṃ tadā.

14. mayā tu etat vacaḥ śrutvā yācitaḥ saḥ paraṃtapa
śāpayitvā ca mām padbhyām praviveśa bilam tadā

14. paraṃtapa tu mayā etat vacaḥ śrutvā saḥ yācitaḥ
ca padbhyām mām śāpayitvā tadā bilam praviveśa

14. But after I (Sugriva) heard these words (from Vali), he (Vali), O tormentor of foes, was implored by me. He then made me swear by his feet and entered the cave.

Words meanings summery:

• मया (mayā) - by me (Sugriva) (by me)

• तु (tu) - but (emphasizing a contrast or continuation) (but, indeed, however)

• एतत् (etat) - this (word/instruction previously mentioned by Vali) (this)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - the instruction given by Vali in the previous verse (word, speech, utterance)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - after I (Sugriva) heard (Vali's instructions) (having heard, after hearing)

• याचितः (yācitaḥ) - he (Vali) was requested (by Sugriva) (requested, implored, entreated)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Vali) (he, that)

• परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O Rama (the speaker Sugriva addresses Rama) (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)

• शापयित्वा (śāpayitvā) - having made me (Sugriva) swear (by his feet) (having made swear, having caused to take an oath)

• च (ca) - and (connects the two actions) (and, also)

• माम् (mām) - me (Sugriva) (me)

• पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - by his (Vali's) feet (referring to a solemn oath/promise) (by two feet, with the feet)

• प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he (Vali) entered (the cave) (he entered)

• बिलम् (bilam) - the cave (where the demon went) (cave, hole)

• तदा (tadā) - then (after the oath) (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

मया (mayā) - by me (Sugriva) (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Refers to Sugriva, who is narrating.

तु (tu) - but (emphasizing a contrast or continuation) (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

एतत् (etat) - this (word/instruction previously mentioned by Vali) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

Note: Qualifies 'vacaḥ'.

वचः (vacaḥ) - the instruction given by Vali in the previous verse (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying, utterance

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - after I (Sugriva) heard (Vali's instructions) (having heard, after hearing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root śru (to hear) + -ktvā suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Refers to the action of Sugriva.

याचितः (yācitaḥ) - he (Vali) was requested (by Sugriva) (requested, implored, entreated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yācita

yācita - requested, implored, begged

Past Passive Participle

From root yāc (to request, beg) + kta suffix

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'saḥ' (Vali).

सः (saḥ) - he (Vali) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vali.

परंतप (paraṁtapa) - O Rama (the speaker Sugriva addresses Rama) (O tormentor of foes, O subduer of enemies)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of paraṃtapa

paraṁtapa - tormentor of foes, subduer of enemies

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (param+tapa)

• param – other, hostile, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
• tapa – one who heats, torments, performs austerities
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root tap (to heat, torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Rama, addressed by Sugriva.

शापयित्वा (śāpayitvā) - having made me (Sugriva) swear (by his feet) (having made swear, having caused to take an oath)

(indeclinable)

Causative Absolutive (Gerund)

From causative form of root śap (to curse, to swear) + -ktvā suffix

Root: śap (class 1)

Note: The agent of this action is Vali.

च (ca) - and (connects the two actions) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

माम् (mām) - me (Sugriva) (me)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Object of 'śāpayitvā'.

पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - by his (Vali's) feet (referring to a solemn oath/promise) (by two feet, with the feet)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pad

pad - foot

Note: Signifies the means by which the oath was taken.

प्रविवेश (praviveśa) - he (Vali) entered (the cave) (he entered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (lit) of viś

Root viś preceded by prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Parasmaipada (P.P.)

बिलम् (bilam) - the cave (where the demon went) (cave, hole)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - cave, hole, cavity

Note: Object of 'praviveśa'.

तदा (tadā) - then (after the oath) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Temporal adverb.

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