वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-9, verse-17

अथ दीर्घस्य कालस्य बिलात्तस्माद्विनिःसृतम् ।
सफेनं रुधिरं रक्तमहं दृष्ट्वा सुदुःखितः ॥१७॥

17. atha dīrghasya kālasya bilāttasmādviniḥsṛtam ,
saphenaṃ rudhiraṃ raktamahaṃ dṛṣṭvā suduḥkhitaḥ.

17. atha dīrghasya kālasya bilāt tasmāt viniḥsṛtam
saphenam rudhiram raktam aham dṛṣṭvā suduḥkhitaḥ

17. atha dīrghasya kālasya tasmāt bilāt saphenam
raktam rudhiram viniḥsṛtam aham dṛṣṭvā suduḥkhitaḥ

17. Then, after a long time, frothy, red blood emerged from that cave. Having seen it, I became greatly distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence of events) (then, now, moreover)

• दीर्घस्य (dīrghasya) - of a long (period) (of long, of extended)

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time (referring to duration) (of time, of period)

• बिलात् (bilāt) - from the cave (where the fight was taking place) (from the cave, from the hole)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (specific cave) (from that, therefore)

• विनिःसृतम् (viniḥsṛtam) - emerged (referring to the blood) (emerged, came forth, exuded)

• सफेनम् (saphenam) - frothy (describing the blood) (frothy, with foam)

• रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood (that emerged from the cave) (blood)

• रक्तम् (raktam) - red (describing the blood) (red, colored, dyed)

• अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Sugriva) (I, myself)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (the blood) (having seen, after seeing)

• सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (referring to Sugriva's state) (greatly distressed, very sad)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence of events) (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

दीर्घस्य (dīrghasya) - of a long (period) (of long, of extended)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, extended, deep

Note: Agrees with 'kālasya'.

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time (referring to duration) (of time, of period)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, death

बिलात् (bilāt) - from the cave (where the fight was taking place) (from the cave, from the hole)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bila

bila - cave, hole, burrow, opening

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - from that (specific cave) (from that, therefore)

(pronoun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Agrees with 'bilāt'.

विनिःसृतम् (viniḥsṛtam) - emerged (referring to the blood) (emerged, came forth, exuded)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of viniḥsṛta

viniḥsṛta - emerged, gone out, come forth

Past Passive Participle

Formed from verb root `sṛ` (to go) with prefixes `vi` and `nis` (vi-nis-sṛ) + `kta` suffix

Prefixes: vi+nis

Root: sṛ (class 1)

सफेनम् (saphenam) - frothy (describing the blood) (frothy, with foam)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saphena

saphena - with foam, frothy, covered with foam

Formed from `sa` (with) + `phena` (foam)

Compound type : Bahuvrihi (sa+phena)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• phena – foam, froth, spume
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rudhiram'.

रुधिरम् (rudhiram) - blood (that emerged from the cave) (blood)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rudhira

rudhira - blood, red, saffron

Note: Subject of the sentence.

रक्तम् (raktam) - red (describing the blood) (red, colored, dyed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakta

rakta - red, colored, dyed, attached, impassioned

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root `rañj` (to color, dye) + `kta` suffix

Root: rañj (class 1)

अहम् (aham) - I (the speaker, Sugriva) (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (the blood) (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root `dṛś` (to see) + `tvā` suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सुदुःखितः (suduḥkhitaḥ) - greatly distressed (referring to Sugriva's state) (greatly distressed, very sad)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suduḥkhita

suduḥkhita - greatly grieved, very distressed, deeply sorrowful

Formed from `su` (very) + `duḥkhita` (distressed)

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – distressed, afflicted, sorrowful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `duḥkh` (to suffer, feel pain)
  Root: duḥkh

Note: Predicative adjective for 'aham'.