वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-20

तं ते भयपरीताङ्गाः क्रुद्धं दृष्ट्वा प्लवंगमाः ।
कालमृत्युयुगान्ताभं शतशो विद्रुता दिशः ॥२०॥

20. taṃ te bhayaparītāṅgāḥ kruddhaṃ dṛṣṭvā plavaṃgamāḥ ,
kālamṛtyuyugāntābhaṃ śataśo vidrutā diśaḥ.

20. tam te bhayaparītāṅgāḥ kruddham dṛṣṭvā plavaṅgamāḥ
kālamṛtyuyugāntābham śataśaḥ vidrutāḥ diśaḥ

20. te bhayaparītāṅgāḥ plavaṅgamāḥ kruddham
kālamṛtyuyugāntābham tam dṛṣṭvā śataśaḥ diśaḥ vidrutāḥ

20. Seeing him (Lakshmana), enraged and appearing like the Time of Death at the end of an era, those monkeys, their bodies overcome by fear, scattered by the hundreds in various directions.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that one

• ते (te) - they, those (monkeys)

• भयपरीताङ्गाः (bhayaparītāṅgāḥ) - with bodies overcome by fear

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angry

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (lit. 'jumpers, those who go by jumping')

• कालमृत्युयुगान्ताभम् (kālamṛtyuyugāntābham) - resembling the destructive era of Time and Death, appearing like the dissolution of a yuga (age) by Time and Death

• शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

• विद्रुताः (vidrutāḥ) - fled, scattered

• दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that one

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, him

Note: refers to Lakshmana

ते (te) - they, those (monkeys)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: subject, refers to 'plavaṅgamāḥ'

भयपरीताङ्गाः (bhayaparītāṅgāḥ) - with bodies overcome by fear

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bhayaparītāṅga

bhayaparītāṅga - having limbs/body overcome by fear

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bhaya+parīta+aṅga)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
• parīta – overcome, surrounded, pervaded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from pari + √i (to go, pervade)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)
• aṅga – limb, body
  noun (neuter)

Note: qualifies 'plavaṅgamāḥ'

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

from √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: qualifies 'tam'

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from root √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

प्लवङ्गमाः (plavaṅgamāḥ) - monkeys (lit. 'jumpers, those who go by jumping')

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of plavaṅgama

plavaṅgama - monkey (lit. 'jumper', 'one who goes by leaping')

Compound type : tatpurusha (plava+gama)

• plava – leap, jump
  noun (masculine)
  from √plu (to float, to jump)
  Root: plu (class 1)
• gama – going, moving
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Participial Adj.
  from √gam (to go)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: subject of 'vidrutāḥ'

कालमृत्युयुगान्ताभम् (kālamṛtyuyugāntābham) - resembling the destructive era of Time and Death, appearing like the dissolution of a yuga (age) by Time and Death

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālamṛtyuyugāntābha

kālamṛtyuyugāntābha - resembling the end of an era (yuga) caused by Time (Kala) and Death (Mrtyu)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+mṛtyu+yugānta+ābha)

• kāla – Time
  noun (masculine)
• mṛtyu – Death
  noun (masculine)
• yugānta – end of a Yuga (era)
  noun (masculine)
• ābha – resembling, shining like
  adjective (masculine)

Note: qualifies 'tam'

शतशः (śataśaḥ) - by hundreds, in hundreds

(indeclinable)

suffix -śas indicating distribution or measure

Note: modifies 'vidrutāḥ'

विद्रुताः (vidrutāḥ) - fled, scattered

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vidruta

vidruta - fled, scattered, run away

Past Passive Participle

from vi + √dru (to run)

Prefix: vi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: predicate adjective for 'plavaṅgamāḥ'

दिशः (diśaḥ) - directions

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

Note: accusative of direction

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