वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-36

तेन शब्देन महता प्रत्यबुध्यत वानरः ।
मदविह्वलताम्राक्षो व्याकुलस्रग्विभूषणः ॥३६॥

36. tena śabdena mahatā pratyabudhyata vānaraḥ ,
madavihvalatāmrākṣo vyākulasragvibhūṣaṇaḥ.

36. tena śabdena mahatā prati abudhyata vānaraḥ
madavihvalatāmrakṣaḥ vyākulasragvibhūṣaṇaḥ

36. tena mahatā śabdena madavihvalatāmrakṣaḥ
vyākulasragvibhūṣaṇaḥ vānaraḥ prati abudhyata

36. Awakened by that great sound, the monkey, with eyes red and unsteady from intoxication, and with disheveled garlands and ornaments, came to his senses.

Words meanings summery:

• तेन (tena) - by that

• शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound

• महता (mahatā) - by the great

• प्रति (prati) - back, towards (prefix)

• अबुध्यत (abudhyata) - he awoke, he perceived

• वानरः (vānaraḥ) - the monkey, ape

• मदविह्वलताम्रक्षः (madavihvalatāmrakṣaḥ) - whose eyes were red and unsteady from intoxication

• व्याकुलस्रग्विभूषणः (vyākulasragvibhūṣaṇaḥ) - whose garlands and ornaments were disheveled

Words meanings and morphology

तेन (tena) - by that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun, masculine stem 'ta'

शब्देन (śabdena) - by the sound

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word

महता (mahatā) - by the great

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty

Note: Modifies 'śabdena'.

प्रति (prati) - back, towards (prefix)

(indeclinable)

Preposition or verbal prefix

Note: Acts as a verbal prefix here, 'prati-budh' meaning 'to awaken'.

अबुध्यत (abudhyata) - he awoke, he perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect past (laṅ) of budh

Root: budh (class 4)

वानरः (vānaraḥ) - the monkey, ape

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vānara

vānara - monkey, ape

मदविह्वलताम्रक्षः (madavihvalatāmrakṣaḥ) - whose eyes were red and unsteady from intoxication

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of madavihvalatāmrakṣa

madavihvalatāmrakṣa - whose eyes are red and unsteady due to intoxication

Bahuvrihi compound: 'mada' (intoxication), 'vihvala' (unsteady), 'tāmra' (red), 'akṣa' (eye)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mada+vihvala+tāmra+akṣa)

• mada – intoxication, excitement, passion
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'mad' (to be intoxicated)
  Root: mad (class 4)
• vihvala – unsteady, agitated, distressed, bewildered
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'vi' + root 'hval' (to totter)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: hval (class 1)
• tāmra – copper-colored, red
  adjective (masculine)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

व्याकुलस्रग्विभूषणः (vyākulasragvibhūṣaṇaḥ) - whose garlands and ornaments were disheveled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyākulasragvibhūṣaṇa

vyākulasragvibhūṣaṇa - whose garlands and ornaments are disheveled/disordered

Bahuvrihi compound: 'vyākula' (disordered), 'srak' (garland), 'vibhūṣaṇa' (ornament)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vyākula+srak+vibhūṣaṇa)

• vyākula – disordered, confused, agitated, disheveled
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'vi' + 'ā' + root 'kul' (to collect)
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)
• srak – garland, wreath
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'sṛj' (to create, emit)
  Root: sṛj (class 6)
• vibhūṣaṇa – ornament, decoration
  noun (neuter)
  From 'vi' + root 'bhūṣ' (to adorn)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: bhūṣ (class 10)

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