वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-28

सुग्रीवस्य प्रमादं च पूर्वजं चार्तमात्मवान् ।
बुद्ध्वा कोपवशं वीरः पुनरेव जगाम सः ॥२८॥

28. sugrīvasya pramādaṃ ca pūrvajaṃ cārtamātmavān ,
buddhvā kopavaśaṃ vīraḥ punareva jagāma saḥ.

28. sugrīvasya pramādam ca pūrvajam ca ārtam ātmavān
buddhvā kopavaśam vīraḥ punaḥ eva jagāma saḥ

28. ātmavān vīraḥ saḥ sugrīvasya pramādam ca pūrvajam
ca ārtam buddhvā punaḥ eva kopavaśam jagāma

28. Having perceived Sugriva's negligence and his elder brother (Rāma) being distressed, that resolute hero (ātman) once again fell prey to anger.

Words meanings summery:

• सुग्रीवस्य (sugrīvasya) - of Sugriva

• प्रमादम् (pramādam) - negligence, error, oversight

• च (ca) - and

• पूर्वजम् (pūrvajam) - Rama, Lakshmana's elder brother (his elder brother)

• च (ca) - and

• आर्तम् (ārtam) - Rama, being distressed (distressed, suffering)

• आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - the resolute Lakshmana (self-possessed, resolute, wise)

• बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood, having perceived

• कोपवशम् (kopavaśam) - the sway of anger, subject to anger

• वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero Lakshmana (hero, brave man)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

• जगाम (jagāma) - he went into (anger), he became (angry) (he went, he became)

• सः (saḥ) - Lakshmana (he)

Words meanings and morphology

सुग्रीवस्य (sugrīvasya) - of Sugriva

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sugrīva

sugrīva - Sugriva (name of the monkey king)

प्रमादम् (pramādam) - negligence, error, oversight

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pramāda

pramāda - negligence, carelessness, error

Derived from root mad (to be mad) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पूर्वजम् (pūrvajam) - Rama, Lakshmana's elder brother (his elder brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pūrvaja

pūrvaja - elder brother, ancestor, born before

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+ja)

• pūrva – former, earlier, prior
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neoner)
  Suffix indicating 'born' or 'produced'.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Rama.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आर्तम् (ārtam) - Rama, being distressed (distressed, suffering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, afflicted, suffering, hurt

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛ (to go, to move) with prefix ā- and kta suffix, or from root ārt (to suffer).

Prefix: ā

Root: ṛ (class 1)

आत्मवान् (ātmavān) - the resolute Lakshmana (self-possessed, resolute, wise)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmanvat

ātmanvat - possessing an (ātman), self-possessed, resolute, spirited, wise

Derived from ātman with the possessive suffix -vat (matup).

Note: Modifies 'vīraḥ'.

बुद्ध्वा (buddhvā) - having understood, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root budh with the -tvā suffix.

Root: budh (class 1)

कोपवशम् (kopavaśam) - the sway of anger, subject to anger

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopavaśa

kopavaśa - sway of anger, being under the influence of anger

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kopa+vaśa)

• kopa – anger, wrath, fury
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kup (class 4)
• vaśa – power, control, sway, submission
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions as the object of 'jagāma' in the sense of 'went into' or 'became subject to'.

वीरः (vīraḥ) - the hero Lakshmana (hero, brave man)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīra

vīra - hero, brave man, warrior

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, anew

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only

(indeclinable)

जगाम (jagāma) - he went into (anger), he became (angry) (he went, he became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Lakshmana (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

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