वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-42

स एष राघवभ्राता लक्ष्मणो वाक्यसारथिः ।
व्यवसाय रथः प्राप्तस्तस्य रामस्य शासनात् ॥४२॥

42. sa eṣa rāghavabhrātā lakṣmaṇo vākyasārathiḥ ,
vyavasāya rathaḥ prāptastasya rāmasya śāsanāt.

42. saḥ eṣaḥ rāghavabhrātā lakṣmaṇaḥ vākyasārathiḥ
| vyavasāya rathaḥ prāptaḥ tasya rāmasya śāsanāt

42. saḥ eṣaḥ lakṣmaṇaḥ rāghavabhrātā vākyasārathiḥ
tasya rāmasya śāsanāt vyavasāya rathaḥ prāptaḥ

42. He is this Lakshmana, the brother of Rama, who is guided by (Rama's) words. He has arrived, (like) a chariot of firm resolve, by the command of that Rama.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

• राघवभ्राता (rāghavabhrātā) - Rama's brother, brother of Raghava

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

• वाक्यसारथिः (vākyasārathiḥ) - one who is directed or guided by (Rama's) commands/words (one whose guide is words, guided by words, whose words are the charioteer)

• व्यवसाय (vyavasāya) - determination, resolve, effort, resolution, undertaking

• रथः (rathaḥ) - a metaphor for Lakshmana himself, indicating his steadfastness in following Rama's orders, as a 'chariot of resolve' (chariot, vehicle)

• प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, reached, obtained, attained

• तस्य (tasya) - of Rama (of him, of that)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• शासनात् (śāsanāt) - from the command, by the order, on account of the rule

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, he, she, it (near)

राघवभ्राता (rāghavabhrātā) - Rama's brother, brother of Raghava

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghavabhrātṛ

rāghavabhrātṛ - brother of Raghava (Rama)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rāghava+bhrātṛ)

• rāghava – descendant of Raghu, Rama
  proper noun (masculine)
• bhrātṛ – brother
  noun (masculine)

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (a proper name, brother of Rama)

वाक्यसारथिः (vākyasārathiḥ) - one who is directed or guided by (Rama's) commands/words (one whose guide is words, guided by words, whose words are the charioteer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vākyasārathi

vākyasārathi - one whose charioteer is words, guided by words, whose counsel is a guide

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vākya+sārathi)

• vākya – speech, word, sentence, command
  noun (neuter)
• sārathi – charioteer, guide, driver
  noun (masculine)

व्यवसाय (vyavasāya) - determination, resolve, effort, resolution, undertaking

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasāya

vyavasāya - determination, resolve, effort, fixed purpose, undertaking

Note: Used here adjectivally or in apposition with 'rathaḥ' to mean 'chariot of resolve'.

रथः (rathaḥ) - a metaphor for Lakshmana himself, indicating his steadfastness in following Rama's orders, as a 'chariot of resolve' (chariot, vehicle)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car, vehicle

प्राप्तः (prāptaḥ) - arrived, reached, obtained, attained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, obtained, arrived, gained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

तस्य (tasya) - of Rama (of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name, chief protagonist of the Ramayana)

शासनात् (śāsanāt) - from the command, by the order, on account of the rule

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of śāsana

śāsana - command, order, rule, instruction, governing

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