वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-19

तान् गृहीतप्रहरणान् हरीन्दृष्ट्वा तु लक्ष्मणः ।
बभूव द्विगुणं क्रुद्धो बह्विन्धन इवानलः ॥१९॥

19. tān gṛhītapraharaṇān harīndṛṣṭvā tu lakṣmaṇaḥ ,
babhūva dviguṇaṃ kruddho bahvindhana ivānalaḥ.

19. tān gṛhītapraharaṇān harīn dṛṣṭvā tu lakṣmaṇaḥ
babhūva dviguṇam kruddhaḥ bahvindhanaḥ iva analaḥ

19. tu lakṣmaṇaḥ gṛhītapraharaṇān tān harīn dṛṣṭvā
bahvindhanaḥ analaḥ iva dviguṇam kruddhaḥ babhūva

19. However, upon seeing those monkeys, who had taken up their weapons, Lakshmana became doubly enraged, like a fire fed with much fuel.

Words meanings summery:

• तान् (tān) - those

• गृहीतप्रहरणान् (gṛhītapraharaṇān) - having taken up weapons, armed

• हरीन् (harīn) - monkeys (lit. 'brown/tawny ones')

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

• बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

• द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - doubly, twice as much

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• बह्विन्धनः (bahvindhanaḥ) - having much fuel

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अनलः (analaḥ) - fire

Words meanings and morphology

तान् (tān) - those

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: refers to 'harīn'

गृहीतप्रहरणान् (gṛhītapraharaṇān) - having taken up weapons, armed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gṛhītapraharaṇa

gṛhītapraharaṇa - having taken up weapons, armed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (gṛhīta+praharaṇa)

• gṛhīta – taken, seized
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from √grah (to seize, take)
  Root: grah (class 9)
• praharaṇa – weapon, instrument for striking
  noun (neuter)
  from pra + √hṛ (to strike)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: qualifies 'harīn'

हरीन् (harīn) - monkeys (lit. 'brown/tawny ones')

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey; brown, tawny (often used as an epithet for monkeys)

Note: object of 'dṛṣṭvā'

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

from root √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: emphasizes a contrast or continuation

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother)

Note: subject of 'babhūva'

बभूव (babhūva) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Perfect Active

reduplicated perfect form

Root: bhū (class 1)

द्विगुणम् (dviguṇam) - doubly, twice as much

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviguṇa

dviguṇa - twofold, double

Note: adverbial accusative, modifies 'kruddhaḥ'

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged

Past Passive Participle

from √krudh (to be angry)

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: predicate adjective with 'babhūva'

बह्विन्धनः (bahvindhanaḥ) - having much fuel

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahvindhana

bahvindhana - having much fuel

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bahu+indhana)

• bahu – much, many
  adjective
• indhana – fuel, kindling
  noun (neuter)

Note: qualifies 'analaḥ' by comparison

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: particle of comparison

अनलः (analaḥ) - fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anala

anala - fire (lit. 'not enough')

Note: The noun being compared to Lakshmana's anger.

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