वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-26

कृत्स्नां हि कपिभिर्व्याप्तां द्रुमहस्तैर्महाबलैः ।
अपश्यल् लक्ष्मणः क्रुद्धः किष्किन्धां तां दुरासदम् ॥२६॥

26. kṛtsnāṃ hi kapibhirvyāptāṃ drumahastairmahābalaiḥ ,
apaśyal lakṣmaṇaḥ kruddhaḥ kiṣkindhāṃ tāṃ durāsadam.

26. kṛtsnām hi kapibhiḥ vyāptām drumahastaiḥ mahābalaiḥ
apaśyat lakṣmaṇaḥ kruddhaḥ kiṣkindhām tām durāsadam

26. hi kruddhaḥ lakṣmaṇaḥ kṛtsnām tām durāsadam kiṣkindhām
mahābalaiḥ kapibhiḥ drumahastaiḥ vyāptām apaśyat

26. Indeed, the enraged Lakshmana saw that whole Kishkindha, which was difficult to access, entirely overrun by mighty monkeys, (each) with trees in their hands.

Words meanings summery:

• कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire, whole

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• कपिभिः (kapibhiḥ) - by monkeys

• व्याप्ताम् (vyāptām) - pervaded, filled, occupied

• द्रुमहस्तैः (drumahastaiḥ) - by monkeys holding trees in their hands (by those with trees in hand)

• महाबलैः (mahābalaiḥ) - by the mighty monkeys (by the very powerful)

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

• क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

• किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - the monkey kingdom of Kishkindha (Kishkindha)

• ताम् (tām) - that

• दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - difficult to approach, impregnable

Words meanings and morphology

कृत्स्नाम् (kṛtsnām) - entire, whole

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛtsna

kṛtsna - whole, entire, complete

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

कपिभिः (kapibhiḥ) - by monkeys

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kapi

kapi - monkey

व्याप्ताम् (vyāptām) - pervaded, filled, occupied

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vyāpta

vyāpta - pervaded, occupied, filled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp (to obtain) with prefix vi and kta suffix.

Prefix: vi

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Adjectival participle modifying 'Kishkindha'.

द्रुमहस्तैः (drumahastaiḥ) - by monkeys holding trees in their hands (by those with trees in hand)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of drumahasta

drumahasta - holding trees in hand

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (druma+hasta)

• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
• hasta – hand
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies 'kapibhiḥ'.

महाबलैः (mahābalaiḥ) - by the mighty monkeys (by the very powerful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - very strong, mighty

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'kapibhiḥ'.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (name of Rama's brother)

क्रुद्धः (kruddhaḥ) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root krudh (to be angry) with kta suffix.

Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'Lakshmana'.

किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - the monkey kingdom of Kishkindha (Kishkindha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kiṣkindhā

kiṣkindhā - Kishkindha (name of the monkey kingdom)

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to 'Kishkindha'.

दुरासदम् (durāsadam) - difficult to approach, impregnable

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durāsada

durāsada - difficult to approach, inaccessible, impregnable

Gerundive/Participle like

Compound of dur- (difficult) and āsada (approachable, from ā-sad)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dur+āsada)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• āsada – approaching, obtainable
  noun/adjective (masculine/neuter)
  From root sad (to sit, settle) with prefix ā.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'Kishkindha'.

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