वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-31

तं दीप्तमिव कालाग्निं नागेन्द्रमिव कोपितम् ।
समासाद्याङ्गदस्त्रासाद्विषादमगमद्भृशम् ॥३१॥

31. taṃ dīptamiva kālāgniṃ nāgendramiva kopitam ,
samāsādyāṅgadastrāsādviṣādamagamadbhṛśam.

31. tam dīptam iva kālāgnim nāgendram iva kopitam
samāsādya aṅgadaḥ trāsāt viṣādam agamat bhṛśam

31. aṅgadaḥ dīptam kālāgnim iva,
kopitam nāgendram iva tam samāsādya,
trāsāt bhṛśam viṣādam agamat

31. Angada, having approached him, who was like a blazing fire of destruction (kālāgni) and like an enraged king of serpents, experienced intense dejection due to fear.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to the angry character from previous verses) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

• दीप्तम् (dīptam) - blazing, fiery (blazing, glowing, inflamed)

• इव (iva) - like (comparison) (like, as, as if)

• कालाग्निम् (kālāgnim) - the fire of destruction (kālāgni) (the fire of time, the fire of destruction, fire at the end of an eon)

• नागेन्द्रम् (nāgendram) - king of serpents (king of serpents, great serpent)

• इव (iva) - like (comparison) (like, as, as if)

• कोपितम् (kopitam) - enraged, highly angry (enraged, angered)

• समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (the angry character) (having approached, having obtained)

• अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Angada (a specific character in the Ramayana) (Angada (proper name))

• त्रासात् (trāsāt) - due to fear (from fear, out of fear)

• विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection, despair (dejection, despondency, sorrow)

• अगमत् (agamat) - experienced, fell into (went, attained, reached, experienced)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (intensely, greatly, excessively)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to the angry character from previous verses) (him, that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'samāsādya'.

दीप्तम् (dīptam) - blazing, fiery (blazing, glowing, inflamed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīpta

dīpta - blazing, shining, ignited

Past Passive Participle

From root dīp (to shine, blaze).

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'kālāgnim'.

इव (iva) - like (comparison) (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

कालाग्निम् (kālāgnim) - the fire of destruction (kālāgni) (the fire of time, the fire of destruction, fire at the end of an eon)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kālāgni

kālāgni - the fire of time, the fire of destruction (that consumes the world at the end of an eon)

Compound of kāla (time/death) and agni (fire).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāla+agni)

• kāla – time, death
  noun (masculine)
• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of comparison with 'tam'.

नागेन्द्रम् (nāgendram) - king of serpents (king of serpents, great serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nāgendra

nāgendra - king of serpents, great serpent

Compound of nāga (serpent) and indra (chief, king).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nāga+indra)

• nāga – serpent, snake
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, king (name of a deity)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of comparison with 'tam'.

इव (iva) - like (comparison) (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

कोपितम् (kopitam) - enraged, highly angry (enraged, angered)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kopita

kopita - enraged, angered

Past Passive Participle (causative)

From causative of root kup (to be angry).

Root: kup (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'nāgendram'.

समासाद्य (samāsādya) - having approached (the angry character) (having approached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root sad (to sit, go) with prefixes sam and ā. Absolutive with -ya suffix.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'agamat'.

अङ्गदः (aṅgadaḥ) - Angada (a specific character in the Ramayana) (Angada (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - bracelet, anklet (name of a monkey prince)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

त्रासात् (trāsāt) - due to fear (from fear, out of fear)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of trāsa

trāsa - fear, terror, alarm

From root tras (to tremble, be afraid).

Root: tras (class 4)

Note: Indicates the cause of dejection.

विषादम् (viṣādam) - dejection, despair (dejection, despondency, sorrow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣāda

viṣāda - dejection, despondency, depression, sadness

From root sad (to sink, despond) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Object of 'agamat'.

अगमत् (agamat) - experienced, fell into (went, attained, reached, experienced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (Luṅ) of gam

Aorist tense (Luṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice. The root `gam` forms its aorist with `a-` augment and thematic vowel.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (intensely, greatly, excessively)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'agamat' and 'viṣādam'.

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