वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-13

कामक्रोधसमुत्थेन भ्रातुः कोपाग्निना वृतः ।
प्रभञ्जन इवाप्रीतः प्रययौ लक्ष्मणस्तदा ॥१३॥

13. kāmakrodhasamutthena bhrātuḥ kopāgninā vṛtaḥ ,
prabhañjana ivāprītaḥ prayayau lakṣmaṇastadā.

13. kāmakrodhasamutthena bhrātuḥ kopāgninā vṛtaḥ
prabhañjanaḥ iva aprītaḥ prayayau lakṣmaṇaḥ tadā

13. tadā lakṣmaṇaḥ kāmakrodhasamutthena bhrātuḥ
kopāgninā vṛtaḥ aprītaḥ prabhañjanaḥ iva prayayau

13. Then, Lakshmana, enveloped by the fire of his brother's wrath—a wrath born of desire and anger—went forth displeased, like a powerful wind.

Words meanings summery:

• कामक्रोधसमुत्थेन (kāmakrodhasamutthena) - by the wrath that arose from desire and anger (by that which arose from desire and anger)

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of his (Rama's) brother (of the brother)

• कोपाग्निना (kopāgninā) - by the fire of wrath (of Rama) (by the fire of wrath, by the wrath-fire)

• वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - enveloped (by the wrath) (surrounded, enveloped, covered)

• प्रभञ्जनः (prabhañjanaḥ) - a powerful wind (a strong wind, a hurricane, destroyer)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

• अप्रीतः (aprītaḥ) - displeased (displeased, unhappy, dissatisfied)

• प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went forth (he went forth, he departed, he advanced)

• लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (proper noun))

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

कामक्रोधसमुत्थेन (kāmakrodhasamutthena) - by the wrath that arose from desire and anger (by that which arose from desire and anger)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāmakrodhasamuttha

kāmakrodhasamuttha - arisen from desire and anger

compound of kāma, krodha, and samuttha (derived from sam-ud-sthā)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+krodha+samuttha)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
  from root kam- "to desire"
  Root: kam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  from root krudh- "to be angry"
  Root: krudh (class 4)
• samuttha – arisen, produced, sprung from
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root sthā (to stand) with prefixes sam and ud
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'kopāgninā'.

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of his (Rama's) brother (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Relates to 'kopāgninā'.

कोपाग्निना (kopāgninā) - by the fire of wrath (of Rama) (by the fire of wrath, by the wrath-fire)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kopāgni

kopāgni - fire of wrath, wrath-fire

compound of kopa and agni

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kopa+agni)

• kopa – anger, wrath
  noun (masculine)
  from root kup- "to be angry"
  Root: kup (class 4)
• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ag (class 1)

Note: Agent of 'vṛtaḥ'.

वृतः (vṛtaḥ) - enveloped (by the wrath) (surrounded, enveloped, covered)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛta

vṛta - surrounded, chosen, covered, appointed

Past Passive Participle

from root vṛ- "to cover, surround, choose"

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'lakṣmaṇaḥ'.

प्रभञ्जनः (prabhañjanaḥ) - a powerful wind (a strong wind, a hurricane, destroyer)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabhañjana

prabhañjana - breaking, shattering; a strong wind, hurricane

from root bhañj- "to break" with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: bhañj (class 7)

Note: Part of the simile 'prabhañjana iva'.

इव (iva) - like (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

अप्रीतः (aprītaḥ) - displeased (displeased, unhappy, dissatisfied)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aprīta

aprīta - displeased, unhappy, dissatisfied

compound of 'a' (negation) and prīta (pleased)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+prīta)

• a – not, un- (negation)
  indeclinable
• prīta – pleased, satisfied, glad
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root prī- "to please, satisfy"
  Root: prī (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'lakṣmaṇaḥ'.

प्रययौ (prayayau) - he went forth (he went forth, he departed, he advanced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of yā

perfect tense (lit)

perfect third person singular active of root yā with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

लक्ष्मणः (lakṣmaṇaḥ) - Lakshmana (Lakshmana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lakṣmaṇa

lakṣmaṇa - Lakshmana (brother of Rama); a mark, sign

Note: Subject of 'prayayau'.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

derived from pronominal base tad-

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