वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-30, verse-16

तामपश्यद्बलाकीर्णां हरिराजमहापुरीम् ।
दुर्गामिक्ष्वाकुशार्दूलः किष्किन्धां गिरिसंकटे ॥१६॥

16. tāmapaśyadbalākīrṇāṃ harirājamahāpurīm ,
durgāmikṣvākuśārdūlaḥ kiṣkindhāṃ girisaṃkaṭe.

16. tām apaśyat balākīrṇām harirājamahāpurīm
durgām ikṣvākuśārdūlaḥ kiṣkindhām girisaṃkaṭe

16. ikṣvākuśārdūlaḥ tām durgām balākīrṇām girisaṃkaṭe
(sthitām) harirājamahāpurīm kiṣkindhām apaśyat

16. The tiger among the Ikshvakus (Lakshmana) saw that great city of the monkey king, Kishkindha, fortified and teeming with forces, nestled in a mountain gorge.

Words meanings summery:

• ताम् (tām) - that (city) (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

• अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw (he saw, beheld)

• बलाकीर्णाम् (balākīrṇām) - teeming with forces (filled with forces/troops, covered with strength)

• हरिराजमहापुरीम् (harirājamahāpurīm) - the great city of the monkey king (the great city of the king of monkeys)

• दुर्गाम् (durgām) - fortified (city) (difficult of access, fortified, stronghold)

• इक्ष्वाकुशार्दूलः (ikṣvākuśārdūlaḥ) - the tiger among the Ikshvakus (Lakshmana) (tiger among the Ikshvakus, foremost of the Ikshvakus)

• किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - Kishkindha (the city) (Kishkindha (proper noun, name of a city))

• गिरिसंकटे (girisaṁkaṭe) - nestled in a mountain gorge (in a mountain gorge/difficult pass)

Words meanings and morphology

ताम् (tām) - that (city) (her, that (feminine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Refers to Kishkindha.

अपश्यत् (apaśyat) - he saw (he saw, beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

imperfect tense (laṅ)

third person singular active of root dṛś (with replacement 'paśya')

Prefix: a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

बलाकीर्णाम् (balākīrṇām) - teeming with forces (filled with forces/troops, covered with strength)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of balākīrṇa

balākīrṇa - filled/covered with forces/troops

compound of bala and ākīrṇa (P.P.P. of ā-kīr)

Compound type : tṛtīyā-tatpuruṣa (bala+ākīrṇa)

• bala – strength, power, force, army, troops
  noun (neuter)
  Root: bal (class 10)
• ākīrṇa – strewn over, covered, filled, teeming
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root kṛ- "to scatter" with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kṛ (class 6)

हरिराजमहापुरीम् (harirājamahāpurīm) - the great city of the monkey king (the great city of the king of monkeys)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of harirājamahāpurī

harirājamahāpurī - great city of the king of monkeys

compound of hari-rāja, mahā, and purī

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hari+rāja+mahā+purī)

• hari – monkey, tawny, lion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  n-stem
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (feminine)
  feminine form of mahat
• purī – city, town, fortress
  noun (feminine)

Note: Object of 'apaśyat'.

दुर्गाम् (durgām) - fortified (city) (difficult of access, fortified, stronghold)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durgā

durgā - difficult to access, impregnable, fortress; a name of Devi

compound of dur- (difficult) and ga- (going)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dur+gā)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  indeclinable
• gā – going, moving
  noun (feminine)
  derived from gam
  Root: gam (class 1)

इक्ष्वाकुशार्दूलः (ikṣvākuśārdūlaḥ) - the tiger among the Ikshvakus (Lakshmana) (tiger among the Ikshvakus, foremost of the Ikshvakus)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ikṣvākuśārdūla

ikṣvākuśārdūla - a tiger among the Ikshvakus, a hero of the Ikshvaku race

compound of Ikṣvāku and śārdūla

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ikṣvāku+śārdūla)

• ikṣvāku – Ikshvaku (name of an ancient king, progenitor of a solar dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger; an excellent/foremost person (often used as suffix)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'apaśyat'.

किष्किन्धाम् (kiṣkindhām) - Kishkindha (the city) (Kishkindha (proper noun, name of a city))

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kiṣkindhā

kiṣkindhā - Kishkindha (name of the capital of the monkey kingdom)

Note: Direct object of 'apaśyat'.

गिरिसंकटे (girisaṁkaṭe) - nestled in a mountain gorge (in a mountain gorge/difficult pass)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of girisaṃkaṭa

girisaṁkaṭa - mountain gorge, difficult pass in a mountain

compound of giri and saṃkaṭa

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (giri+saṃkaṭa)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkaṭa – narrow, difficult pass, gorge, danger
  noun (neuter)
  from sam-kaṭ- "to be confined"
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kaṭ (class 1)

Note: Specifies the location.

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