वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-38, verse-2

तं पथ्यहितवक्तारं मारीचं राक्षसाधिपः ।
अब्रवीत् परुषं वाक्यमयुक्तं कालचोदितः ॥२॥

2. taṃ pathyahitavaktāraṃ mārīcaṃ rākṣasādhipaḥ ,
abravīt paruṣaṃ vākyamayuktaṃ kālacoditaḥ.

2. tam pathyahitavaktāram mārīcam rākṣasādhipaḥ
abravīt paruṣam vākyam ayuktam kālacoditaḥ

2. kālacoditaḥ rākṣasādhipaḥ pathyahitavaktāram
tam mārīcam paruṣam ayuktam vākyam abravīt

2. Impelled by fate, the lord of Rākṣasas (Rāvaṇa) spoke harsh and improper words to that Mārīca, who was speaking beneficial and salutary advice.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• पथ्यहितवक्तारम् (pathyahitavaktāram) - speaker of beneficial and salutary advice

• मारीचम् (mārīcam) - Mārīca

• राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (lord of Rākṣasas, chief of demons)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, sentence

• अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper, unfit, not joined

• कालचोदितः (kālacoditaḥ) - impelled by time/fate, driven by destiny

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'mārīcam'.

पथ्यहितवक्तारम् (pathyahitavaktāram) - speaker of beneficial and salutary advice

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pathyahitavaktṛ

pathyahitavaktṛ - speaker of salutary and beneficial things

Compound of pathya (salutary) + hita (beneficial) + vaktṛ (speaker)

Compound type : dvandva tatpurusha (pathya+hita+vaktṛ)

• pathya – salutary, wholesome, suitable
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From path (way, path)
• hita – beneficial, good, welfare
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhā (to place) with prefix hi-
  Prefix: hi
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• vaktṛ – speaker, orator
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root vac (to speak)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'mārīcam'.

मारीचम् (mārīcam) - Mārīca

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mārīca

mārīca - Mārīca (name of a Rākṣasa)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

राक्षसाधिपः (rākṣasādhipaḥ) - Rāvaṇa (lord of Rākṣasas, chief of demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rākṣasādhipa

rākṣasādhipa - chief of Rākṣasas, lord of demons

Compound of rākṣasa (demon) + adhipa (lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rākṣasa+adhipa)

• rākṣasa – demon, Rākṣasa
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (upon, over) + pā (to protect, rule)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist indicative (luṅ) of brū

Aorist active indicative

Root: brū (class 2)

परुषम् (paruṣam) - harsh, rough, cruel

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अयुक्तम् (ayuktam) - improper, unfit, not joined

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ayukta

ayukta - improper, unfit, not joined, dissociated

From a- (not) + yukta (proper)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+yukta)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• yukta – proper, fit, joined
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root yuj (to join, connect)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

कालचोदितः (kālacoditaḥ) - impelled by time/fate, driven by destiny

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kālacodita

kālacodita - impelled by time/fate

Compound of kāla (time/fate) + codita (impelled)

Compound type : tatpurusha (kāla+codita)

• kāla – time, destiny, fate, death
  noun (masculine)
• codita – impelled, urged, directed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root cud (to impel, urge)
  Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rākṣasādhipaḥ'.