वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-38, verse-10

वाक्यमप्रतिकूलं तु मृदुपूर्वं शुभं हितम् ।
उपचारेण युक्तं च वक्तव्यो वसुधाधिपः ॥१०॥

10. vākyamapratikūlaṃ tu mṛdupūrvaṃ śubhaṃ hitam ,
upacāreṇa yuktaṃ ca vaktavyo vasudhādhipaḥ.

10. vākyam apratikūlam tu mṛdu-pūrvam śubham hitam
upacāreṇa yuktam ca vaktavyaḥ vasudhā-adhipaḥ

10. tu apratikūlam mṛdu-pūrvam śubham hitam upacāreṇa
yuktam ca vākyam vasudhā-adhipaḥ vaktavyaḥ

10. Indeed, the king (vasudhādhipa) should be addressed with words that are agreeable, gentle in tone, auspicious, beneficial, and coupled with proper courtesy.

Words meanings summery:

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, advice (speech, word, sentence, advice)

• अप्रतिकूलम् (apratikūlam) - agreeable (not adverse, favorable, agreeable, unopposed)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• मृदु-पूर्वम् (mṛdu-pūrvam) - gentle in tone (preceded by softness, gentle first, gently prefaced)

• शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious (auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, advantageous, salutary, good)

• उपचारेण (upacāreṇa) - with proper courtesy (by courtesy, by proper behavior, by treatment)

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - coupled with (endowed with, accompanied by, joined, fit, proper)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वक्तव्यः (vaktavyaḥ) - should be addressed (should be spoken to, ought to be addressed, to be told)

• वसुधा-अधिपः (vasudhā-adhipaḥ) - the king (vasudhādhipa) (lord of the earth, king)

Words meanings and morphology

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, advice (speech, word, sentence, advice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, advice

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied 'to be spoken' or direct object of 'should speak'.

अप्रतिकूलम् (apratikūlam) - agreeable (not adverse, favorable, agreeable, unopposed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apratikūla

apratikūla - not adverse, favorable, agreeable, unopposed

Negative compound: a (not) + pratikūla (adverse)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pratikūla)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pratikūla – adverse, unfavorable, contrary
  adjective
  Prefix: prati

Note: Modifies vākyam.

तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

मृदु-पूर्वम् (mṛdu-pūrvam) - gentle in tone (preceded by softness, gentle first, gently prefaced)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mṛdu-pūrva

mṛdu-pūrva - preceded by softness/gentleness, gentle first

Bahuvrīhi compound: mṛdu (soft) + pūrva (preceded by)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mṛdu+pūrva)

• mṛdu – soft, gentle, mild
  adjective
• pūrva – preceded by, first, prior
  adjective

Note: Modifies vākyam.

शुभम् (śubham) - auspicious (auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, beautiful, propitious

Note: Modifies vākyam.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, advantageous, salutary, good)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, advantageous, salutary, good

Past Passive Participle

From √dhā (to place, do) or √hi (to send, move)

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies vākyam.

उपचारेण (upacāreṇa) - with proper courtesy (by courtesy, by proper behavior, by treatment)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of upacāra

upacāra - courtesy, civility, respectful treatment, proper conduct

From upa-√car (to approach, behave)

Prefix: upa

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Instrumental of accompaniment for yuktam.

युक्तम् (yuktam) - coupled with (endowed with, accompanied by, joined, fit, proper)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, united, endowed with, fit, proper, engaged

Past Passive Participle

From √yuj (to join, unite)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Modifies vākyam.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects upacāreṇa yuktam with the preceding adjectives.

वक्तव्यः (vaktavyaḥ) - should be addressed (should be spoken to, ought to be addressed, to be told)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaktavya

vaktavya - to be spoken, to be said, what should be said

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From √vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with vasudhā-adhipaḥ; the construction is passive.

वसुधा-अधिपः (vasudhā-adhipaḥ) - the king (vasudhādhipa) (lord of the earth, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vasudhādhipa

vasudhādhipa - lord of the earth, king

Tatpuruṣa compound: vasudhā (earth) + adhipa (lord)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vasudhā+adhipa)

• vasudhā – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: adhi

Note: Subject of the passive vaktavyaḥ.