वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-38, verse-1

मारीचेन तु तद्वाक्यं क्षमं युक्तं च रावणः ।
उक्तो न प्रतिजग्राह मर्तुकाम इवौषधम् ॥१॥

1. mārīcena tu tadvākyaṃ kṣamaṃ yuktaṃ ca rāvaṇaḥ ,
ukto na pratijagrāha martukāma ivauṣadham.

1. mārīcena tu tat vākyam kṣamam yuktam ca rāvaṇaḥ
uktaḥ na pratijagrāha martukāmaḥ iva auṣadham

1. tu mārīcena uktaḥ rāvaṇaḥ tat kṣamam yuktam ca
vākyam na pratijagrāha martukāmaḥ iva auṣadham

1. But Rāvaṇa, although addressed by Mārīca with that suitable and proper advice, did not accept it, just as one who desires to die would not accept medicine.

Words meanings summery:

• मारीचेन (mārīcena) - by Mārīca

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• तत् (tat) - that

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, advice, sentence

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, fit

• युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, right, connected, engaged

• च (ca) - and, also

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - though spoken to (by Mārīca) (spoken, addressed, said)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - did not accept (the advice) (he accepted, he received)

• मर्तुकामः (martukāmaḥ) - one who desires to die (desiring to die, wishing for death)

• इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

• औषधम् (auṣadham) - medicine, drug

Words meanings and morphology

मारीचेन (mārīcena) - by Mārīca

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mārīca

mārīca - Mārīca (name of a Rākṣasa)

Note: Agent of 'uktaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle indicating contrast.

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - speech, word, advice, sentence

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'pratijagrāha'.

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, fit

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - able, fit, suitable, proper

From root kṣam (to be able, to endure)

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

युक्तम् (yuktam) - proper, right, connected, engaged

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yukta

yukta - joined, connected, proper, right, engaged

Past Passive Participle

From root yuj (to join, connect)

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kṣamam' and 'yuktam'.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the Rākṣasa king of Lankā)

Note: Subject of 'pratijagrāha'.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - though spoken to (by Mārīca) (spoken, addressed, said)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, addressed

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rāvaṇaḥ'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रतिजग्राह (pratijagrāha) - did not accept (the advice) (he accepted, he received)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect indicative (liṭ) of prati-grah

Perfect active indicative

Perfect tense of root grah (to seize, take) with prefix prati

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Used with 'na' for 'did not accept'.

मर्तुकामः (martukāmaḥ) - one who desires to die (desiring to die, wishing for death)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of martukāma

martukāma - desiring to die

From martum (infinitive of mṛ, to die) + kāma (desire)

Compound type : tatpurusha (martum+kāma)

• martum – to die
  verb
  Infinitive
  Infinitive from root mṛ (to die)
  Root: mṛ (class 6)
• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of implied verb in comparison.

इव (iva) - just as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle for comparison.

औषधम् (auṣadham) - medicine, drug

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of auṣadha

auṣadha - medicine, drug, herb

From oṣadhi (herb)

Note: Object of implied verb 'does not accept' from the preceding clause.

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