वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-9

यस्मात् पश्यन्ति दूरस्थान् सर्वानर्थान्नराधिपाः ।
चारेण तस्मादुच्यन्ते राजानो दीर्घचक्षुषः ॥९॥

9. yasmāt paśyanti dūrasthān sarvānarthānnarādhipāḥ ,
cāreṇa tasmāducyante rājāno dīrghacakṣuṣaḥ.

9. yasmāt paśyanti dūrasthān sarvān arthān narādhipāḥ
cāreṇa tasmāt ucyante rājānaḥ dīrghacakṣuṣaḥ

9. narādhipāḥ yasmāt cāreṇa dūrasthān sarvān arthān paśyanti,
tasmāt rājānaḥ dīrghacakṣuṣaḥ ucyante.

9. Because kings (narādhipāḥ) perceive all distant matters through their network of spies (cāreṇa), they are therefore called 'long-sighted' rulers (rājānaḥ).

Words meanings summery:

• यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (from which; because; whereby)

• पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they perceive (they see; they perceive; they observe)

• दूरस्थान् (dūrasthān) - distant (matters) (those located far away; distant (things))

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all; every)

• अर्थान् (arthān) - matters (of state, objectives) (objects; purposes; meanings; matters; wealth)

• नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings (kings; rulers of men)

• चारेण (cāreṇa) - by means of spies (intelligence network) (by a spy; by means of spies; by movement)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that; therefore; thence)

• उच्यन्ते (ucyante) - they are called (they are called; they are said)

• राजानः (rājānaḥ) - rulers (kings; rulers)

• दीर्घचक्षुषः (dīrghacakṣuṣaḥ) - long-sighted (metaphorically, indicating foresight and extensive knowledge) (long-eyed; far-sighted; discerning)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्मात् (yasmāt) - because (from which; because; whereby)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of yad

yad - which, what, whatever, whenever

पश्यन्ति (paśyanti) - they perceive (they see; they perceive; they observe)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of paś

Root dṛś (to see), changed to paś in present tense system

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दूरस्थान् (dūrasthān) - distant (matters) (those located far away; distant (things))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of dūrastha

dūrastha - standing afar, far off, distant

Compound of dūra (far) and stha (standing, being)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dūra+stha)

• dūra – far, distant, remote
  indeclinable (neuter)
• stha – standing, being, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  Derived from root sthā (to stand) with suffix -a
  Root: sthā (class 1)

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (all; every)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

अर्थान् (arthān) - matters (of state, objectives) (objects; purposes; meanings; matters; wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of artha

artha - aim, purpose, object, meaning, wealth, matter

नराधिपाः (narādhipāḥ) - kings (kings; rulers of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of narādhipa

narādhipa - king, ruler of men

Compound of nara (man) and adhipa (ruler)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being, male
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – ruler, sovereign, lord
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from prefix adhi- and root pā (to protect, rule)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)

चारेण (cāreṇa) - by means of spies (intelligence network) (by a spy; by means of spies; by movement)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of cāra

cāra - a spy, secret emissary; movement, wandering

Derived from root car (to move, go)

Root: car (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that; therefore; thence)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उच्यन्ते (ucyante) - they are called (they are called; they are said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of vac

Passive form of root vac, where vac changes to uc-

Root: vac (class 2)

राजानः (rājānaḥ) - rulers (kings; rulers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, monarch, ruler

दीर्घचक्षुषः (dīrghacakṣuṣaḥ) - long-sighted (metaphorically, indicating foresight and extensive knowledge) (long-eyed; far-sighted; discerning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīrghacakṣus

dīrghacakṣus - long-eyed, far-sighted, having long sight, sagacious

Bahuvrīhi compound: dīrgha (long) + cakṣus (eye)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīrgha+cakṣus)

• dīrgha – long, tall, extensive
  adjective (masculine)
• cakṣus – eye, sight, vision
  noun (neuter)