वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-21

त्वं तु रावणदुर्बुद्धिर्गुणैरेतैर्विवर्जितः ।
यस्य ते ऽविदितश्चारै रक्षसां सुमहान् वधः ॥२१॥

21. tvaṃ tu rāvaṇadurbuddhirguṇairetairvivarjitaḥ ,
yasya te'viditaścārai rakṣasāṃ sumahān vadhaḥ.

21. tvam tu rāvaṇa durbuddhiḥ guṇaiḥ etaiḥ vivarjitaḥ
| yasya te aviditaḥ cāraiḥ rakṣasām sumahān vadhaḥ

21. tu durbuddhiḥ rāvaṇa tvam etaiḥ guṇaiḥ vivarjitaḥ
yasya rakṣasām sumahān vadhaḥ te cāraiḥ aviditaḥ

21. But you, Ravana, are evil-minded and devoid of these qualities, as the very great destruction of the Rākṣasas, even by means of your own spies, remains unknown to you.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Ravana) (you)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• रावण (rāvaṇa) - Ravana (Ravana (proper noun))

• दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - evil-minded (evil-minded, foolish, having bad intellect)

• गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities (e.g., good qualities, virtues) (by qualities, by virtues, by threads)

• एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (qualities mentioned earlier in the text, not provided here but implied) (by these)

• विवर्जितः (vivarjitaḥ) - devoid of (deprived of, devoid of, free from, abandoned)

• यस्य (yasya) - for whom (referring to 'you', Ravana) (whose, of which)

• ते (te) - to you (dative of interest) (to you, of you, by you)

• अविदितः (aviditaḥ) - unknown (unknown, not known)

• चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by (your own) spies (by spies, by secret agents)

• रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the Rākṣasas (your people) (of the Rākṣasas, of the demons)

• सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great (very great, very large, enormous)

• वधः (vadhaḥ) - destruction (slaughter, killing, destruction)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Ravana) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

रावण (rāvaṇa) - Ravana (Ravana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana

Note: Acts as an appellation in apposition to 'tvam'.

दुर्बुद्धिः (durbuddhiḥ) - evil-minded (evil-minded, foolish, having bad intellect)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - evil intellect, foolishness

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating badness or difficulty.
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'budh' (to know)
  Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying 'tvam'.

गुणैः (guṇaiḥ) - by qualities (e.g., good qualities, virtues) (by qualities, by virtues, by threads)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of guṇa

guṇa - quality, virtue, merit, attribute, thread, string

एतैः (etaiḥ) - by these (qualities mentioned earlier in the text, not provided here but implied) (by these)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of etat

etat - this

Note: Adjective modifying 'guṇaiḥ'.

विवर्जितः (vivarjitaḥ) - devoid of (deprived of, devoid of, free from, abandoned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vivarjita

vivarjita - deprived of, devoid of, abandoned

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb 'vij' with prefix 'vi-'. Root 'vṛj' with 'vi' means 'to leave, abandon'.

Prefix: vi

Root: vṛj (class 7)

Note: Modifies 'tvam'.

यस्य (yasya) - for whom (referring to 'you', Ravana) (whose, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who

Note: Connects the second clause to the first. Grammatically genitive, but functions like a causal 'for whom'.

ते (te) - to you (dative of interest) (to you, of you, by you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Here used in the dative sense, indicating the recipient of the 'unknownness'.

अविदितः (aviditaḥ) - unknown (unknown, not known)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avidita

avidita - unknown, not known

Past Passive Participle

Negation 'a' + Past Passive Participle of 'vid' (to know).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+vidita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• vidita – known
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'vid' (to know).
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'vadhaḥ'.

चारैः (cāraiḥ) - by (your own) spies (by spies, by secret agents)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of cāra

cāra - spy, secret agent, wanderer

From root 'car' (to move, go).

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means by which knowledge would normally be gained.

रक्षसाम् (rakṣasām) - of the Rākṣasas (your people) (of the Rākṣasas, of the demons)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rakṣas

rakṣas - Rākṣasa, demon, evil spirit

Note: Possessive or objective genitive with 'vadhaḥ'.

सुमहान् (sumahān) - very great (very great, very large, enormous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large

Compound of 'su' (good, excellent, very) and 'mahat' (great).

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+mahat)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective

Note: Modifies 'vadhaḥ'.

वधः (vadhaḥ) - destruction (slaughter, killing, destruction)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - slaughter, killing, destruction

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill).

Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second clause, with 'aviditaḥ'.