वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-19

अप्रमत्तश्च यो राजा सर्वज्ञो विजितेन्द्रियः ।
कृतज्ञो धर्मशीलश्च स राजा तिष्ठते चिरम् ॥१९॥

19. apramattaśca yo rājā sarvajño vijitendriyaḥ ,
kṛtajño dharmaśīlaśca sa rājā tiṣṭhate ciram.

19. apramattaḥ ca yaḥ rājā sarvajñaḥ vijitendriyaḥ
kṛtajñaḥ dharmaśīlaḥ ca saḥ rājā tiṣṭhate ciram

19. yaḥ rājā apramattaḥ ca sarvajñaḥ vijitendriyaḥ kṛtajñaḥ ca dharmaśīlaḥ,
saḥ rājā ciram tiṣṭhate

19. The king who is vigilant, omniscient, has controlled his senses, is grateful, and possesses a virtuous nature (dharma), that king endures for a long time.

Words meanings summery:

• अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant (vigilant, attentive, not negligent)

• च (ca) - and

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• सर्वज्ञः (sarvajñaḥ) - omniscient (omniscient, all-knowing)

• विजितेन्द्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - one who has controlled his senses

• कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful (grateful, thankful)

• धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - possesses a virtuous nature (dharma) (virtuous, righteous, having the nature (dharma) of virtue)

• च (ca) - and

• सः (saḥ) - that (king)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• तिष्ठते (tiṣṭhate) - endures (stands, remains, endures)

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time (for a long time, long)

Words meanings and morphology

अप्रमत्तः (apramattaḥ) - vigilant (vigilant, attentive, not negligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of apramatta

apramatta - not negligent, careful, attentive, vigilant

Negation 'a' + 'pramatta' (Past Passive Participle of 'pramad' - to be careless)

Compound type : nan-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• pramatta – negligent, careless, intoxicated
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'mad' with prefix 'pra' and suffix 'kta'
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Refers to `rājā`.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सर्वज्ञः (sarvajñaḥ) - omniscient (omniscient, all-knowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvajña

sarvajña - omniscient, all-knowing

Derived from 'sarva' (all) and root 'jñā' (to know) with suffix 'ka'.

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (sarva+jñā)

• sarva – all, every, whole, entire
  pronoun
• jñā – to know, understand, recognize
  verb
  agent noun suffix 'ka'
  Derived from root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

विजितेन्द्रियः (vijitendriyaḥ) - one who has controlled his senses

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijitendriya

vijitendriya - having controlled one's senses, self-controlled, ascetic

Compound. 'vijita' (conquered) + 'indriya' (sense).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vijita+indriya)

• vijita – conquered, subdued, vanquished
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'ji' with prefix 'vi' and suffix 'kta'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)
• indriya – sense organ, faculty of sense
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

कृतज्ञः (kṛtajñaḥ) - grateful (grateful, thankful)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtajña

kṛtajña - grateful, thankful, knowing what has been done

Compound of 'kṛta' (done) and 'jña' (knower).

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (kṛta+jñā)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'kṛ' with suffix 'kta'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jñā – to know, understand
  verb
  agent noun suffix 'ka'
  Derived from root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

धर्मशीलः (dharmaśīlaḥ) - possesses a virtuous nature (dharma) (virtuous, righteous, having the nature (dharma) of virtue)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmaśīla

dharmaśīla - virtuous, righteous, habitually performing duty (dharma), moral

Compound. 'dharma' (righteousness) + 'śīla' (nature, character).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dharma+śīla)

• dharma – righteous conduct, moral law, virtue, duty, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• śīla – nature, character, habit, conduct, disposition
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `rājā`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - that (king)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers back to the king described by the relative clause.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

तिष्ठते (tiṣṭhate) - endures (stands, remains, endures)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time (for a long time, long)

(indeclinable)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of cira, used adverbially.