वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-13

त्वं तु लुब्धः प्रमत्तश्च पराधीनश्च रावण ।
विषये स्वे समुत्पन्नं भयं यो नावबुध्यसे ॥१३॥

13. tvaṃ tu lubdhaḥ pramattaśca parādhīnaśca rāvaṇa ,
viṣaye sve samutpannaṃ bhayaṃ yo nāvabudhyase.

13. tvam tu lubdhaḥ pramattaḥ ca parādhīnaḥ ca rāvaṇa
| viṣaye sve samutpannam bhayam yaḥ na avabudhyase

13. rāvaṇa tvam tu lubdhaḥ pramattaḥ ca parādhīnaḥ ca
yaḥ sve viṣaye samutpannam bhayam na avabudhyase

13. O Rāvaṇa, you are indeed greedy, negligent, and subservient to others, for you do not perceive the danger that has arisen in your own sphere.

Words meanings summery:

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the state (but, indeed, yet)

• लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy (greedy, covetous, eager)

• प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - negligent, heedless (negligent, heedless, careless, intoxicated)

• च (ca) - and

• पराधीनः (parādhīnaḥ) - dependent on others, subservient (dependent on others, subservient, subject to another's will)

• च (ca) - and

• रावण (rāvaṇa) - O Rāvaṇa (vocative)

• विषये (viṣaye) - in your domain/affairs/situation (in the sphere, in the object, in the domain)

• स्वे (sve) - in your own (in one's own)

• समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - arisen, generated (arisen, produced, sprung up)

• भयम् (bhayam) - danger, fear (fear, danger, alarm)

• यः (yaḥ) - you who (referring to Rāvaṇa) (who, which)

• न (na) - not

• अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you perceive, you recognize (you perceive, you understand, you notice)

Words meanings and morphology

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvad

tvad - you

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizing the state (but, indeed, yet)

(indeclinable)

लुब्धः (lubdhaḥ) - greedy (greedy, covetous, eager)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lubdha

lubdha - greedy, covetous, bewildered, confused

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root lubh (to covet, desire)

Root: lubh (class 4)

प्रमत्तः (pramattaḥ) - negligent, heedless (negligent, heedless, careless, intoxicated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - careless, negligent, heedless, intoxicated, mad

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root mad (to be intoxicated, delighted) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पराधीनः (parādhīnaḥ) - dependent on others, subservient (dependent on others, subservient, subject to another's will)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parādhīna

parādhīna - dependent on another, subject to another's will, not independent

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (para+adhīna)

• para – other, another, supreme, distant
  adjective (masculine)
• adhīna – dependent, subject to, submissive
  adjective (masculine)
  From adhi (upon) + īna (gone, obtained) from i (to go)
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

रावण (rāvaṇa) - O Rāvaṇa (vocative)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the demon king of Laṅkā)

Root: ru (class 2)

विषये (viṣaye) - in your domain/affairs/situation (in the sphere, in the object, in the domain)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - object of sense, sphere, domain, subject, matter, scope

स्वे (sve) - in your own (in one's own)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sva

sva - own, one's own, self

Note: Agrees with viṣaye

समुत्पन्नम् (samutpannam) - arisen, generated (arisen, produced, sprung up)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of samutpanna

samutpanna - arisen, produced, sprung up, born

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pad (to go, fall) with prefixes sam and ud

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: pad (class 4)

भयम् (bhayam) - danger, fear (fear, danger, alarm)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, danger, apprehension

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of avabudhyase

यः (yaḥ) - you who (referring to Rāvaṇa) (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun stem

Note: Refers to tvam (Rāvaṇa)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

अवबुध्यसे (avabudhyase) - you perceive, you recognize (you perceive, you understand, you notice)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of avabudh

Present tense

√budh (to know, perceive) with ava prefix. Atmanepada.

Prefix: ava

Root: budh (class 4)

Note: Used with tvam (you)