वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-6

ये न रक्षन्ति विषयमस्वाधीना नराधिपः ।
ते न वृद्ध्या प्रकाशन्ते गिरयः सागरे यथा ॥६॥

6. ye na rakṣanti viṣayamasvādhīnā narādhipaḥ ,
te na vṛddhyā prakāśante girayaḥ sāgare yathā.

6. ye na rakṣanti viṣayam asvādīnāḥ narādhipaḥ
te na vṛddhyā prakāśante girayaḥ sāgare yathā

6. ye asvādīnāḥ narādhipaḥ viṣayam na rakṣanti
te vṛddhyā na prakāśante yathā girayaḥ sāgare

6. Those kings who, lacking self-control, do not protect their domain, do not shine forth with prosperity, just as mountains do not appear prominent when submerged in the ocean.

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - those who (referring to kings) (those who, which)

• न (na) - not, no

• रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - they protect, they guard

• विषयम् (viṣayam) - domain, kingdom (domain, kingdom, object of sense, subject matter)

• अस्वादीनाः (asvādīnāḥ) - lacking self-control (not self-controlled, dependent, lacking independence)

• नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - kings (plural by implication from `ye` and `asvādīnāḥ`) (king, ruler of men)

• ते (te) - those (kings) (those, they)

• न (na) - not, no

• वृद्ध्या (vṛddhyā) - by prosperity (by growth, by prosperity, by increase)

• प्रकाशन्ते (prakāśante) - they appear prominent (they shine forth, they become visible, they are prominent)

• गिरयः (girayaḥ) - mountains

• सागरे (sāgare) - in the ocean (in the ocean, in the sea)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - those who (referring to kings) (those who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

relative pronoun

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negative particle

रक्षन्ति (rakṣanti) - they protect, they guard

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of rakṣ

Present Tense, Active Voice

Root `rakṣ` (1st class) + `anti` (3rd plural ending)

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

विषयम् (viṣayam) - domain, kingdom (domain, kingdom, object of sense, subject matter)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viṣaya

viṣaya - domain, territory, object, subject

Prefix: vi

Root: si (class 5)

अस्वादीनाः (asvādīnāḥ) - lacking self-control (not self-controlled, dependent, lacking independence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asvādīna

asvādīna - not self-controlled, dependent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+svādīna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• svādīna – self-controlled, independent
  adjective (masculine)

नराधिपः (narādhipaḥ) - kings (plural by implication from `ye` and `asvādīnāḥ`) (king, ruler of men)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - ruler of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• adhipa – ruler, lord
  noun (masculine)

Note: Grammatically singular, but contextually refers to the class of kings introduced by plural "ye" and "asvādīnāḥ".

ते (te) - those (kings) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

demonstrative pronoun

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

negative particle

वृद्ध्या (vṛddhyā) - by prosperity (by growth, by prosperity, by increase)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of vṛddhi

vṛddhi - growth, increase, prosperity

from root `vṛdh` (to grow) + suffix `ti`

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

प्रकाशन्ते (prakāśante) - they appear prominent (they shine forth, they become visible, they are prominent)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of prakāś

Present Tense, Middle Voice (Ātmanepada)

Root `kāś` (1st class) with prefix `pra`, + `ante` (3rd plural Ātmanepada ending)

Prefix: pra

Root: kāś (class 1)

गिरयः (girayaḥ) - mountains

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of giri

giri - mountain, hill

i-stem noun

Root: gṛ

सागरे (sāgare) - in the ocean (in the ocean, in the sea)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sāgara

sāgara - ocean, sea

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as)

(indeclinable)

adverb