वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-4

स्वयं कार्याणि यः काले नानुतिष्ठति पार्थिवः ।
स तु वै सह राज्येन तैश्च कार्यैर्विनश्यति ॥४॥

4. svayaṃ kāryāṇi yaḥ kāle nānutiṣṭhati pārthivaḥ ,
sa tu vai saha rājyena taiśca kāryairvinaśyati.

4. svayam kāryāṇi yaḥ kāle na anutiṣṭhati pārthivaḥ
sa tu vai saha rājyena taiḥ ca kāryaiḥ vinaśyati

4. yaḥ pārthivaḥ svayam kāle kāryāṇi na anutiṣṭhati,
saḥ tu vai rājyena ca taiḥ kāryaiḥ saha vinaśyati

4. The king who does not personally execute his duties at the proper time, he indeed perishes along with his kingdom and those very tasks.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वयम् (svayam) - personally, by oneself, spontaneously

• कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - duties, tasks, things to be done

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• काले (kāle) - at the proper time, in time

• न (na) - not, no

• अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - he performs, executes, observes, stands by

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - a king, an earthly ruler

• स (sa) - he, that

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly (emphatic particle)

• सह (saha) - with, along with, together with

• राज्येन (rājyena) - with the kingdom

• तैः (taiḥ) - with those, by them

• च (ca) - and

• कार्यैः (kāryaiḥ) - with the duties, with the tasks

• विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - he perishes, is destroyed, is lost

Words meanings and morphology

स्वयम् (svayam) - personally, by oneself, spontaneously

(indeclinable)

कार्याणि (kāryāṇi) - duties, tasks, things to be done

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done; duty, action, business

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root KṚ (to do, make) with suffix -ya

Root: KṚ (class 8)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

काले (kāle) - at the proper time, in time

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, season, proper time

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अनुतिष्ठति (anutiṣṭhati) - he performs, executes, observes, stands by

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anusthā

Prefix: anu

Root: STHĀ (class 1)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - a king, an earthly ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - relating to the earth; a king, earthly ruler

Derived from pṛthivī (earth) + aṇ

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - he, she, it, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers back to 'pārthivaḥ'.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

सह (saha) - with, along with, together with

(indeclinable)

राज्येन (rājyena) - with the kingdom

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, realm, sovereignty, royalty

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

तैः (taiḥ) - with those, by them

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, plural of tad

tad - he, she, it, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'kāryāṇi' (neuter plural).

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कार्यैः (kāryaiḥ) - with the duties, with the tasks

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of kārya

kārya - to be done, fit to be done; duty, action, business

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

Derived from root KṚ (to do, make) with suffix -ya

Root: KṚ (class 8)

Note: Governed by 'saha'.

विनश्यति (vinaśyati) - he perishes, is destroyed, is lost

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vinaś

Prefix: vi

Root: NAŚ (class 4)