वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-14

तीक्ष्णमल्पप्रदातारं प्रमत्तं गर्वितं शठम् ।
व्यसने सर्वभूतानि नाभिधावन्ति पार्थिवम् ॥१४॥

14. tīkṣṇamalpapradātāraṃ pramattaṃ garvitaṃ śaṭham ,
vyasane sarvabhūtāni nābhidhāvanti pārthivam.

14. tīkṣṇam alpapradaātāram pramattam garvitam śaṭham
| vyasane sarvabhūtāni na abhidhāvanti pārthivam

14. sarvabhūtāni vyasane tīkṣṇam alpapradaātāram
pramattam garvitam śaṭham pārthivam na abhidhāvanti

14. All beings (or subjects) do not rally to a king who is severe, miserly, negligent, arrogant, and deceitful, especially when he is in distress.

Words meanings summery:

• तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - harsh, severe (sharp, harsh, cruel, severe)

• अल्पप्रदआतारम् (alpapradaātāram) - miserly, stingy (one who gives little, miserly)

• प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - negligent, heedless (negligent, careless)

• गर्वितम् (garvitam) - proud, arrogant (proud, arrogant, haughty)

• शठम् (śaṭham) - deceitful (deceitful, wicked, cunning)

• व्यसने (vyasane) - in distress, in adversity (in misfortune, in calamity, in distress)

• सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all subjects (of the king) (all beings, all creatures, all subjects)

• न (na) - not

• अभिधावन्ति (abhidhāvanti) - they rally to, they approach for help (they run towards, they approach, they rally to)

• पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - the king (the king, earthly, relating to the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

तीक्ष्णम् (tīkṣṇam) - harsh, severe (sharp, harsh, cruel, severe)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tīkṣṇa

tīkṣṇa - sharp, keen, pungent, severe, harsh, cruel

Root: tiś (class 1)

अल्पप्रदआतारम् (alpapradaātāram) - miserly, stingy (one who gives little, miserly)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of alpapradaātar

alpapradaātar - one who gives little, a miser

Agent Noun

From alpa (little) + pradaātar (giver)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (alpa+pradaātar)

• alpa – little, small, few
  adjective (masculine)
• pradaātar – giver, bestower
  noun (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From pra + √dā (to give) + tṛc suffix
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

प्रमत्तम् (pramattam) - negligent, heedless (negligent, careless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pramatta

pramatta - careless, negligent, heedless, intoxicated

Past Passive Participle

From pra + √mad (to be intoxicated)

Prefix: pra

Root: mad (class 4)

गर्वितम् (garvitam) - proud, arrogant (proud, arrogant, haughty)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of garvita

garvita - proud, arrogant, haughty, elated

Past Passive Participle

From √garv (to be proud)

Root: garv (class 10)

शठम् (śaṭham) - deceitful (deceitful, wicked, cunning)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śaṭha

śaṭha - wicked, cunning, deceitful, knave, rogue

व्यसने (vyasane) - in distress, in adversity (in misfortune, in calamity, in distress)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, distress, addiction, vice

From vi + as (to throw, cast)

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

सर्वभूतानि (sarvabhūtāni) - all subjects (of the king) (all beings, all creatures, all subjects)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarvabhūta

sarvabhūta - all beings, all creatures

sarva (all) + bhūta (being, creature)

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (sarva+bhūta)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √bhū (to be)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject of abhidhāvanti

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

अभिधावन्ति (abhidhāvanti) - they rally to, they approach for help (they run towards, they approach, they rally to)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of abhidhāva

Present tense

√dhāv (to run) with abhi prefix. Parasmaipada.

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhāv (class 1)

पार्थिवम् (pārthivam) - the king (the king, earthly, relating to the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, terrestrial, a king, prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)