वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-3, chapter-31, verse-8

येषां चारश्च कोशश्च नयश्च जयतां वर ।
अस्वाधीना नरेन्द्राणां प्राकृतैस्ते जनैः समाः ॥८॥

8. yeṣāṃ cāraśca kośaśca nayaśca jayatāṃ vara ,
asvādhīnā narendrāṇāṃ prākṛtaiste janaiḥ samāḥ.

8. yeṣām cāraḥ ca kośaḥ ca nayaḥ ca jayatām vara
asvādīnāḥ narendrāṇām prākṛtaiḥ te janaiḥ samāḥ

8. jayatām vara yeṣām narendrāṇām cāraḥ ca kośaḥ
ca nayaḥ ca asvādīnāḥ te prākṛtaiḥ janaiḥ samāḥ

8. O best among the victorious, those rulers whose intelligence network, treasury, and policies are not under their own control are considered equal to common people.

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose (referring to rulers) (whose, of whom, of which)

• चारः (cāraḥ) - intelligence network (conduct, movement, spy, intelligence network)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कोशः (kośaḥ) - treasury (treasury, casket, sheath, budget)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• नयः (nayaḥ) - policy (policy, guidance, leadership, justice)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जयताम् (jayatām) - among the victorious (of the victorious, among the victorious)

• वर (vara) - best (O best!) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

• अस्वादीनाः (asvādīnāḥ) - not under their own control, dependent (not self-controlled, dependent, lacking independence)

• नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings, of rulers

• प्राकृतैः (prākṛtaiḥ) - by common people (by common, ordinary, natural, vulgar people)

• ते (te) - those (rulers) (those, they)

• जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people (by people, by men)

• समाः (samāḥ) - equal (equal, similar, even, same)

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - whose (referring to rulers) (whose, of whom, of which)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

relative pronoun

चारः (cāraḥ) - intelligence network (conduct, movement, spy, intelligence network)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cāra

cāra - conduct, movement, spy, intelligence

from root `car` (to move, conduct)

Root: car (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

कोशः (kośaḥ) - treasury (treasury, casket, sheath, budget)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kośa

kośa - treasury, casket, sheath

Root: kuś (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

नयः (nayaḥ) - policy (policy, guidance, leadership, justice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naya

naya - policy, guidance, leadership, justice

from root `nī` (to lead)

Root: nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

conjunction

जयताम् (jayatām) - among the victorious (of the victorious, among the victorious)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jayat

jayat - victorious, conquering

Present Active Participle

from root `ji` (to conquer) + `śatṛ` suffix

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Often used in vocative sense when followed by `vara`.

वर (vara) - best (O best!) (best, excellent, boon, choice)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, boon, choice

Root: vṛ (class 1)

अस्वादीनाः (asvādīnāḥ) - not under their own control, dependent (not self-controlled, dependent, lacking independence)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of asvādīna

asvādīna - not self-controlled, dependent

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+svādīna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  negative particle
• svādīna – self-controlled, independent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to `cāraḥ`, `kośaḥ`, `nayaḥ` collectively, implying their independence.

नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings, of rulers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, lord of men

`nara` (man) + `indra` (chief/lord) via euphonic combination

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (deity)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: id

Note: Qualifies `yeṣām`.

प्राकृतैः (prākṛtaiḥ) - by common people (by common, ordinary, natural, vulgar people)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prākṛta

prākṛta - common, ordinary, natural, vulgar, unrefined

from `prakṛti` (nature) + `aṇ` suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with `janaiḥ`.

ते (te) - those (rulers) (those, they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers back to the kings mentioned by `yeṣām`.

जनैः (janaiḥ) - by people (by people, by men)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of jana

jana - person, man, creature

from root `jan` (to be born)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: In comparison with `samāḥ`.

समाः (samāḥ) - equal (equal, similar, even, same)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sama

sama - equal, similar, even, same

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for `te`.